Titian's mythological paintings: A pictorial personal code

IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Valerio Marconi
{"title":"Titian's mythological paintings: A pictorial personal code","authors":"Valerio Marconi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105543","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to introduce <em>pictorial personal codes</em> that differ from linguistic ones. Since individual norms distinguish personal codes, the concept of norms serves as the starting point for extending their scope beyond language. Indeed, there is a strong case for nonverbal norms within the philosophy of normativity. Gestures and drawings can establish these nonverbal norms. Drawn norms, such as those enforced by traffic signals, are part of a pictorial code in our everyday experiences. However, the application of this code view has been challenged in the field of semiotics, particularly in art and visual semiotics. Conversely, the <em>pictorial turn</em> suggests that cultural history involves a struggle between words and pictures. Pictures differ from words, yet are not purely visual media. This distinction can be traced back to Marcello Barbieri's differentiation between the <em>world of</em> perceptual <em>objects</em> and the <em>world of names</em>. I hypothesize that pictorial personal codes lack an abstract system of rules but still present a set of norms that can be categorized into shared and individual. I exemplify this with a case study of the Venetian painter Tiziano Vecellio (Titian). By integrating research results from art history, I show that Titian transformed his workshop into a modern firm and, as a form of legitimization, defined his original style in terms of tragic painting, specifically a personal approach to painting that connotes a literary genre such as Greek tragedy. I also evaluate the role of a graphic code in Titian's productive system. Finally, I draw certain conclusions regarding the social ontology of the firm, suggesting that Titian's tragic painting illustrates how firms endure, thanks to personal or brand-specific codes, and propose that gestural personal codes, like pictorial ones and unlike linguistic ones, should include unsystematic <em>legisigns</em> and a set of norms that can be divided into shared and individual ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50730,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biosystems","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264725001534","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper aims to introduce pictorial personal codes that differ from linguistic ones. Since individual norms distinguish personal codes, the concept of norms serves as the starting point for extending their scope beyond language. Indeed, there is a strong case for nonverbal norms within the philosophy of normativity. Gestures and drawings can establish these nonverbal norms. Drawn norms, such as those enforced by traffic signals, are part of a pictorial code in our everyday experiences. However, the application of this code view has been challenged in the field of semiotics, particularly in art and visual semiotics. Conversely, the pictorial turn suggests that cultural history involves a struggle between words and pictures. Pictures differ from words, yet are not purely visual media. This distinction can be traced back to Marcello Barbieri's differentiation between the world of perceptual objects and the world of names. I hypothesize that pictorial personal codes lack an abstract system of rules but still present a set of norms that can be categorized into shared and individual. I exemplify this with a case study of the Venetian painter Tiziano Vecellio (Titian). By integrating research results from art history, I show that Titian transformed his workshop into a modern firm and, as a form of legitimization, defined his original style in terms of tragic painting, specifically a personal approach to painting that connotes a literary genre such as Greek tragedy. I also evaluate the role of a graphic code in Titian's productive system. Finally, I draw certain conclusions regarding the social ontology of the firm, suggesting that Titian's tragic painting illustrates how firms endure, thanks to personal or brand-specific codes, and propose that gestural personal codes, like pictorial ones and unlike linguistic ones, should include unsystematic legisigns and a set of norms that can be divided into shared and individual ones.
提香的神话绘画:一种绘画的个人密码
本文的目的是介绍不同于语言的图形个人代码。由于个体规范区别于个人规范,规范的概念是将其范围扩展到语言之外的起点。事实上,在规范性哲学中有一个强有力的非语言规范的案例。手势和图画可以建立这些非语言规范。绘制的规范,如交通信号所强制执行的规范,是我们日常经验中图像代码的一部分。然而,这种码观的应用在符号学领域,特别是在艺术和视觉符号学领域受到了挑战。相反,图画的转变表明文化史包含了文字和图画之间的斗争。图片不同于文字,但也不是纯粹的视觉媒介。这种区别可以追溯到Marcello Barbieri对感知对象世界和名称世界的区分。我假设图像个人代码缺乏抽象的规则系统,但仍然呈现出一套可以分为共享和个人的规范。我以威尼斯画家提香(Tiziano Vecellio)为例说明这一点。通过整合艺术史的研究成果,我展示了提香将他的工作室转变为一个现代公司,作为一种合法化的形式,他从悲剧绘画的角度定义了他的原始风格,特别是一种个人的绘画方法,暗示了一种文学流派,如希腊悲剧。我还评估了图形代码在提香的生产系统中的作用。最后,我对企业的社会本体论得出了一定的结论,认为提香的悲剧绘画说明了企业是如何通过个人或品牌特定的规范得以延续的,并提出,手势的个人规范,就像图画的规范一样,不像语言的规范,应该包括非系统的立法和一套可以分为共享的和个人的规范。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Biosystems
Biosystems 生物-生物学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
18.80%
发文量
129
审稿时长
34 days
期刊介绍: BioSystems encourages experimental, computational, and theoretical articles that link biology, evolutionary thinking, and the information processing sciences. The link areas form a circle that encompasses the fundamental nature of biological information processing, computational modeling of complex biological systems, evolutionary models of computation, the application of biological principles to the design of novel computing systems, and the use of biomolecular materials to synthesize artificial systems that capture essential principles of natural biological information processing.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信