Platelet rich plasma compared to viscosupplementation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with 6 month and 12 month follow-up

Abstract

Purpose

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been utilised in the last few decades as a conservative treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). We sought to evaluate the patient reported outcomes at specific intermediate term endpoints comparing PRP to HA through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We also sought to determine the effect of platelet concentration on the relative outcomes between PRP and HA.

Methods

The Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched for terms related to PRP and osteoarthritis. RCTs comparing PRP and HA in the treatment of knee OA were selected. A total of 26 trials with 1650 knees were included. The two treatments were compared based on the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analogue scale (VAS) at specific time points of baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results

PRP had a significant benefit over HA based on the WOMAC at 6 months and at 12 months. It also had a significant benefit over HA on the VAS at 6 months and at 12 months. When limiting the analysis to 6 month follow-up and separating the studies by platelet count, PRP had a statistically significant benefit over HA for platelet counts corresponding to ‘greater than baseline to 1,250,000 platelets/μL’ for the WOMAC score and platelet counts corresponding to ‘between 750,000 and 1,250,000 platelets/μL’ for the VAS score.

Conclusions

When taken as a whole, PRP demonstrates a significantly superior clinical result compared to HA at 6 months and 12 months. These findings must be considered in light of the numerous preparation protocols and PRP classifications detailed in this report for the included studies.

Level of Evidence

Level 1, systematic review of Level-1 randomised controlled studies.