A highly effective and one-pot approach for 2,5-diformylfuran from fructose using CdS/Bi2MoO6-doped sulfonated carbon from sugarcane bagasse as a catalyst

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The targeted synthesis of various multifunctional compounds from biomass is essential for facilitating processes that transform biomass into valuable compounds, replacing traditional fossil fuel sources. The conversion of carbohydrates to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) is a difficult and arduous process.

RESULTS

Here, we have successfully created the catalyst CdS/Bi₂MoO₆ grafted onto carbonaceous sulfonation from sugarcane bagasse. In this work, we established a heterogeneous catalytic approach to oxidizing fructose to DFF using CdS-Bi₂MoO₆@SBG-SO₃H as a catalyst and molecular oxygen as an oxidant. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, to assess the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst in the specific oxidation and dehydration of fructose, various key reaction factors, including reaction temperature, catalyst quantity, substrates concentration, reaction time, and solvent, were examined to choose the optimal reaction conditions.

CONCLUSION

A novel one-pot method of producing DFF directly from fructose through CdS-Bi₂MoO₆@SBG-SO₃H in 70% DFF yield within 10 h in dimethyl sulfoxide at 140 °C was devised. Furthermore, the catalysts have the potential for multiple uses, showing a slightly reduced efficiency when producing DFF from fructose in each subsequent run. Our research presented a one-pot method for synthesizing DFF from fructose with excellent yield, demonstrating significant promise for sustainable commercial applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).