Impact of gadolinium oxide based nanoparticles on genotoxic, cytotoxic and oxidative stress in human lymphocytes

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106106

Isela Álvarez-González , Lizbeth Espinosa-García , Felipe de Jesús Carrillo-Romo , Antonieta García-Murillo , José A. Morales-González , Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán , Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Gadolinium-based nanoparticles are presently applied in biomedicine and industry, and their potential is increasing. In this report we synthetized three nanoparticles by the sol-gel, supercritical drying method: Gd₂O₃, Gd₂O₃ doped with Eu⁺³, and Gd₂O₃ doped with Eu⁺³and functionalized with thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA). The nanoparticles were characterized for luminescence, morphology, size, and Z potential. The results showed that the highest luminescence was reached with the TTA functionalized nanoparticle, all of them had a porous net structure that decreased to 21 nm in the last nanoparticle, and the Z potential was found from −2 to −12 mV. To determine their geno/cytotoxic potential we performed the cytochalasine-block micronucleus cytome, and the MTT assays in human lymphocytes. With these assays, we demonstrated that the two main genotoxic effects were the nuclear buds and nucleoplasmic bridges, and that nanoparticles decreased the cellular proliferation, mainly because of the induction of apoptosis (about 70 %) in contrast with the 30 % of necrosis. Finally, a significant lipid and protein oxidation increase was determined in the nanoparticles. Our results suggest that the observed geno/cytotoxic damage may be related with the presence of oxidative stress.

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氧化钆纳米颗粒对人淋巴细胞基因毒性、细胞毒性和氧化应激的影响。

目前，钆基纳米颗粒在生物医学和工业上的应用越来越广泛，其应用潜力越来越大。本文采用溶胶-凝胶、超临界干燥的方法合成了三种纳米粒子：Gd2O3、掺杂Eu+3的Gd2O3和掺杂Eu+3并经乙烯基三氟丙酮（TTA）功能化的Gd2O3。对纳米粒子的发光、形貌、尺寸和Z电位进行了表征。结果表明，TTA功能化纳米粒子的发光强度最高，均呈多孔网状结构，最后一个纳米粒子的发光强度降至21 nm， Z电位在-2 ~ -12 mV之间。为了确定它们的基因/细胞毒性潜能，我们在人淋巴细胞中进行了细胞查拉辛阻断微核细胞组和MTT测定。通过这些实验，我们证明了两种主要的基因毒性作用是核芽和核质桥，纳米颗粒减少了细胞增殖，主要是因为诱导了细胞凋亡（约70% %），而不是30% %的坏死。最后，纳米颗粒中脂质和蛋白质氧化显著增加。我们的研究结果表明，观察到的基因/细胞毒性损伤可能与氧化应激的存在有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxicology in Vitro 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

3.10%

发文量

181

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Toxicology in Vitro publishes original research papers and reviews on the application and use of in vitro systems for assessing or predicting the toxic effects of chemicals and elucidating their mechanisms of action. These in vitro techniques include utilizing cell or tissue cultures, isolated cells, tissue slices, subcellular fractions, transgenic cell cultures, and cells from transgenic organisms, as well as in silico modelling. The Journal will focus on investigations that involve the development and validation of new in vitro methods, e.g. for prediction of toxic effects based on traditional and in silico modelling; on the use of methods in high-throughput toxicology and pharmacology; elucidation of mechanisms of toxic action; the application of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in toxicology, as well as on comparative studies that characterise the relationship between in vitro and in vivo findings. The Journal strongly encourages the submission of manuscripts that focus on the development of in vitro methods, their practical applications and regulatory use (e.g. in the areas of food components cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals). Toxicology in Vitro discourages papers that record reporting on toxicological effects from materials, such as plant extracts or herbal medicines, that have not been chemically characterized.