Surface gloss and micro-CT analysis of additively and subtractively manufactured resin composites and zirconia after simulated tooth brushing with different bristle types and toothpaste formulations: An in vitro study.
Ahmet Faruk Ertürk, Rafat Sasany, Seyed Ali Mosaddad, Merve Yelken Kendirci
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of simulated tooth brushing with different bristle types and two toothpaste formulations on the surface gloss and structural integrity of additively (AM) and subtractively (SM) manufactured resin composites and zirconia.
Materials and methods: A total of 160 specimens were prepared from four material groups: AM resin composite (AM-RC), AM zirconia (AM-Z), SM resin composite (SM-RC), and SM zirconia (SM-Z). Each specimen was assigned to one of four subgroups based on toothbrush bristle type and toothpaste formulation. Following polishing, the initial surface gloss was measured using a glossmeter. Specimens then underwent simulated tooth brushing (10,000 cycles) using a brushing simulator equipped with two toothbrush types and two toothpaste formulations. Surface gloss was re-evaluated post-brushing, and structural changes were analyzed using synchrotron radiation μ-CT at a voxel size of 0.65 µm. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with α = 0.05.
Results: Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant impact of all tested factors on surface gloss (p < 0.05). Before polishing, AM-Z and AM-RC exhibited higher gloss than SM-Z and SM-RC (p < 0.05). After polishing, AM-Z showed the greatest gloss enhancement. One-way ANOVA indicated that toothbrush bristle shape and toothpaste composition significantly influenced gloss reduction (p < 0.05), with round-end bristles and whitening toothpaste causing the highest gloss loss. Among materials, AM-Z exhibited the least gloss reduction (10.29 GU).
Conclusions: Surface gloss retention is influenced by material type, toothbrush bristle shape, and toothpaste formulation. AM materials demonstrated superior resistance to gloss loss, while whitening toothpaste contributed to greater gloss reduction.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Prosthodontics promotes the advanced study and practice of prosthodontics, implant, esthetic, and reconstructive dentistry. It is the official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists, the American Dental Association-recognized voice of the Specialty of Prosthodontics. The journal publishes evidence-based original scientific articles presenting information that is relevant and useful to prosthodontists. Additionally, it publishes reports of innovative techniques, new instructional methodologies, and instructive clinical reports with an interdisciplinary flair. The journal is particularly focused on promoting the study and use of cutting-edge technology and positioning prosthodontists as the early-adopters of new technology in the dental community.
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