Epidemiological Trends, Clinical Impact, and Geographical Variations of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Twelve-Year Study in Messina, Italy.

Abstract

The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), is increasing globally, driven by factors such as chronic UV exposure, climate change, and aging populations. This comprehensive retrospective cohort study examined 1252 patients treated for NMSCs at the Plastic Surgery Unit of the University of Messina, Italy, from 2012 to 2023. The study aimed to assess demographic characteristics, histological types, lesion attributes, recurrence rates, and geographical variations in NMSC incidence. Beyond confirming global epidemiological trends, this study highlights clinically relevant factors influencing tumor presentation, including environmental risk exposure, lesion recurrence, and histological aggressiveness. Data were collected on patient demographics, tumor location, histological subtype, lesion diameter, presence of ulceration, recurrence, and differentiation grade. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software (Version 4.2.0). Findings demonstrated that patients residing in coastal areas had a significantly higher incidence of NMSCs, reinforcing the role of exposure and environmental pollutants in carcinogenesis. These findings align with global trends and highlight the urgent need for early diagnosis, targeted dermatological surveillance, and public health interventions to mitigate the rising burden of NMSCs. The study underscores the necessity of enhanced sun protection awareness, integration of dermatological screenings in primary care settings, and improved treatment protocols to reduce recurrence and morbidity.