Evolution and Future Prospects of Nurse Anaesthetists in Catalonia: Inception, Upskilling and Scope of Practice

Abstract

Aim

To explore the current and future professional landscape of nurse anaesthetists within the healthcare system of Catalonia (Spain).

Background

Nurse anaesthetists have played a key role in anaesthesia administration since the 19th century. In Catalonia, they are recognised as advanced practice nurses, with an evolving competency framework designed to meet contemporary healthcare demands.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through a focus group conducted in June 2021. The discussion followed a structured script addressing competency differences between nurse anaesthetists and generalist nurses, the evolution of anaesthesia nursing in the Catalan healthcare system, and its future trajectory. Discourse analysis and microanalysis of interlocutors were performed.

Findings

Twenty-one codes were identified and grouped into four main categories: ‘Nurse anaesthetist profile’ (competencies, care provision, health education, experience, training, humanisation, perioperative process, patient safety), ‘Current professional situation’ (role differentiation, institutional organisation, work intrusion), ‘Factors extrinsic to the NA profession’ (increased demand for anaesthetic procedures, financial interests, shortage of anaesthetists) and ‘Future prospects’ (growth of the profession, nursing specialty, advocacy, institutional recognition).

Discussion

This study highlights the expansion of the nurse anaesthetist role in Catalonia, driven by skill enhancement and the shortage of anaesthetists. While nurse anaesthetists advocate for greater autonomy and emphasise their contribution to patient safety, concerns persist regarding limited professional recognition and the risk of role displacement.

Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and Health Policy

The growing presence of nurse anaesthetists in Catalonia, driven by increasing procedural demand, anaesthetist shortages and nursing advancements, has led to the proposal of a collaborative model that safeguards their professional autonomy. Recognising this role, establishing clear regulatory frameworks and addressing pay disparities are essential steps towards enhancing patient care and optimising healthcare service delivery.