A review of double compression detection for digital multimedia

Abstract

The rapid advancement of AI-driven multimedia manipulation has created an urgent need for more sophisticated digital forensics solutions. Current detection methods, while effective against specific tampering types, suffer from limited generalizability across diverse manipulation techniques. To address this challenge, researchers have developed Double Compression Detection (DCD) as a universal approach through compression-domain analysis. This review presents the comprehensive analysis of DCD techniques, systematically evaluating cutting-edge techniques for audio, image, and video content forensics. The pros and cons of existing DCD schemes are summarized for the first time from the perspective of generalization and effectiveness in this review. The emerging trends and fundamental limitations of existing researches are critically examined to guide future research directions in DCD.