Pristine Vegetation and Fragment Size Are Key Factors for Bird Conservation Within the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1111/aec.70098
Fernando Igor de Godoy, Rogério Hartung Toppa, Marcos Roberto Martines, Rodrigo Bernardo, Augusto João Piratelli
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Abstract

Human population growth has significantly altered tropical forests, resulting in negative environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Forest-dependent species face increasing challenges, including habitat loss, fragmentation and severe landscape changes, often resulting in population declines and local extinction. In this study, we investigate the effects of anthropogenic landscape changes—specifically fragmentation and native vegetation cover on—bird populations in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. We hypothesise that (1) sites with pristine native vegetation will exhibit higher thresholds for local extinction compared to disturbed areas, even when large habitat fragments are present; (2) bird responses will vary based on land use patterns, landscape structure and forest dependence; and (3) many species will display distinct local sensitivity to environmental disturbances, diverging from global patterns reported in the literature. We collected data from 100 sites between 2012 and 2019, ensuring an even distribution across 10 classes of native vegetation. We assessed three bird attributes within a 1-km radius buffer around each site, using six landscape metrics. We recorded a total of 238 bird species, with 36 identified as highly sensitive. Our findings reveal that the most pristine areas support bird taxa that have already disappeared locally in other regions. Semi-dependent forest species appeared to benefit from reduced native vegetation cover. Moreover, our data unveiled unique local patterns of species sensitivity to environmental change. To safeguard Atlantic Forest birds in northeastern Brazil, we emphasise the importance of maintaining a minimum threshold of 60% native vegetation within the landscape, preserving fragments larger than 100 ha.

Abstract Image

原始植被和碎片大小是巴西东北部大西洋森林鸟类保护的关键因素
人口增长极大地改变了热带森林,导致不利的环境退化和生物多样性丧失。依赖森林的物种面临越来越多的挑战,包括栖息地丧失、破碎化和严重的景观变化,往往导致种群减少和局部灭绝。在这项研究中,我们研究了人为景观变化,特别是破碎化和原生植被覆盖对巴西东北部大西洋森林鸟类种群的影响。我们假设:(1)与受到干扰的地区相比,拥有原始原生植被的地区会表现出更高的局部灭绝阈值,即使存在大面积的栖息地碎片;(2)鸟类的反应会因土地利用模式、景观结构和森林依赖而异;(3)许多物种对环境干扰表现出明显的局部敏感性,与文献报道的全球模式不同。我们在2012年至2019年期间从100个地点收集了数据,确保了10类原生植被的均匀分布。我们使用六种景观指标评估了每个站点周围1公里半径缓冲区内的三种鸟类属性。我们共记录了238种鸟类,其中36种被确定为高度敏感。我们的研究结果表明,最原始的地区支持已经在其他地区局部消失的鸟类类群。半依赖的森林物种似乎受益于原生植被覆盖的减少。此外,我们的数据揭示了物种对环境变化的独特本地敏感性模式。为了保护巴西东北部大西洋森林的鸟类,我们强调在景观中保持60%原生植被的最低阈值的重要性,并保留超过100公顷的碎片。
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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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