Aqueous Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage

Abstract

Accelerating global energy demand and associated CO₂ emissions accentuate the urgent need for sustainable energy storage solutions. Aqueous rechargeable Zn–air batteries (RZABs) have emerged as a promising candidate for renewable energy storage, owing to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and reduced environmental impact. However, despite significant progress in laboratory and pilot-scale research, their large-scale deployment remains uncertain. A comprehensive evaluation of their technological maturity and carbon neutrality is essential to bridge this gap. This perspective critically examines the current status of RZABs, recent technological advancements, and their associated CO₂ footprint, with a focus on overcoming performance limitations and enabling large-scale implementation. We conclude by highlighting practical obstacles, commercialization potential, current market status, and future directions for substantial implementation of RZABs in the pursuit of sustainability.