Bones, shells and baselines-how the past can inform modern marine management, protection and restoration.

Callum M Roberts, Ruth H Thurstan, James Scourse
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Abstract

In this article, we explore how archaeological and historical perspectives can inform current marine management, protection and restoration efforts, and entice us to rethink our present-day relationships with ocean resources to secure sustainable management. Historical records, archaeological findings, palaeoecological data, local and traditional ecological knowledge are coming together in highly interdisciplinary ways, combining cutting-edge analytical and traditional methods. This research is producing more detailed and nuanced descriptions of past ecosystems that reveal the nature, scale and timing of human influences on the sea in unprecedented detail. The findings help us reset 'shifted baselines'-a phenomenon where long-altered ecosystems are perceived as natural. By bringing clarity to historical human impacts, we can challenge current management paradigms, raise ambitions for recovery of biodiversity loss, improve approaches to habitat restoration and identify promising targets for rewilding. A deeper appreciation of what vibrant seas really look like helps us value and better communicate the benefits recovery can bring for society. Understanding ocean responses to past climates helps us predict and respond to emerging climate pressures today, helping managers develop better approaches to enhance resilience in the face of ongoing and future environmental changes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Shifting seas: understanding deep-time human impacts on marine ecosystems'.

骨头,贝壳和基线-过去如何为现代海洋管理,保护和恢复提供信息。
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了考古学和历史观点如何为当前的海洋管理、保护和恢复工作提供信息,并促使我们重新思考我们与海洋资源的关系,以确保可持续管理。历史记录、考古发现、古生态数据、当地和传统生态知识以高度跨学科的方式结合在一起,将前沿分析方法与传统方法相结合。这项研究对过去的生态系统进行了更详细和细致的描述,以前所未有的细节揭示了人类对海洋影响的性质、规模和时间。这些发现帮助我们重置了“转移的基线”——一种长期改变的生态系统被认为是自然的现象。通过澄清历史上的人类影响,我们可以挑战当前的管理范式,提高恢复生物多样性丧失的雄心,改进栖息地恢复的方法,并确定有希望的野生化目标。更深入地了解充满活力的海洋的真实面貌,有助于我们评估和更好地沟通恢复可以为社会带来的好处。了解海洋对过去气候的反应有助于我们预测和应对今天新出现的气候压力,帮助管理人员开发更好的方法来增强面对当前和未来环境变化的复原力。这篇文章是主题“海洋变化:理解人类对海洋生态系统的深层影响”的一部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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