Dupilumab for Bullous Pemphigoid Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Case Series.

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy but are associated with treatment-limiting immune-related cutaneous adverse events (irCAEs). ICI-related Bullous pemphigoid (irBP), a severe, blistering irCAE occurs in 0.3-1.5% of patients receiving ICI therapy. While systemic steroids can be effective, they are associated with significant toxicity and may mitigate immunotherapy antitumor efficacy. Consequently, steroid-sparing therapies are needed. Dupilumab, an IL-4 and IL-13 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated efficacy in non-ICI-related BP and appears promising for managing irBP.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated with dupilumab for irBP from April 2020 to April 2024. Clinical data, outcomes, and adverse events were assessed. irBP response was categorized as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or no response (NR).

Results: 17 patients (59% male, 82% non-Hispanic White; mean age 72.7 years) developed irBP while receiving PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors. Sixteen patients (94%) received dupilumab for active irBP and one (6%) for prevention of recurrence. Dupilumab achieved CR of irBP for 12 patients (75%) and PR for two (12%) patients with active irBP. Ten (62%) achieved CR with dupilumab systemic monotherapy. Median time to first response was 19.5 days (range = 3-50). Most patients with CR (58%) failed prior oral corticosteroid therapy. The patient treated prophylactically experienced no irBP recurrence. Dupilumab was well-tolerated, with no adverse events.

Conclusions: Dupilumab is a promising steroid-sparing option for irBP, achieving initial response in under 20 days for most cases. Dupilumab is a valuable tool to manage this challenging irCAE while minimizing risk related to systemic steroid treatment.