Rsk2 inhibition induces an aneuploid post-mitotic arrest of cell cycle progression in osteosarcoma cells.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor, which is associated with a high mortality rate. The c-Fos transgenic mouse model has been described to spontaneously develop osteosarcoma, and the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (Rsk2) was found to be essential for c-Fos-induced osteosarcoma formation in mice. By isolating and characterizing osteosarcoma cell lines from FosTg and FosTg;Rsk2^-/y mice, we observed that Rsk2 deficiency impairs the growth advantage of FosTg cells. This can be explained by the aberrant number of nuclei due to impaired cytokinesis, inducing mitotic catastrophe. We therefore tested a pharmacological Rsk inhibitor (BI-D1870) for its ability to inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and found that the effects observed by genetic Rsk2 inactivation were mimicked. BI-D1870 administration to FosTg cell lines led to reduced expression of Aurora kinase B. Therefore, the influence of a pharmacological Aurora kinase B inhibitor (Hesperadin) was tested. Similar to BI-D1870, Hesperadin caused impaired cytokinesis, resulting in the accumulation of polynuclear cells. This effect was also observed for two human osteosarcoma cell lines, U2OS and SaOS-2. Based on our findings, Rsk2 and/or Aurora kinase B can serve as potential targets for the design of new osteosarcoma therapies.