Evaluation of Road Traffic Accident-Related Deaths: An Autopsy Study.

Abstract

Background: Road traffic accidents are a significant cause of death worldwide. This study aims to comprehensively examine the forensic medical characteristics of traffic accident-related deaths in Artvin province and to explore the relationships between mechanisms of death, autopsy findings, and demographic data.

Methods: A total of 273 cases that underwent postmortem examination or autopsy at the Artvin Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine between 2017 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Among these, 50 cases determined to have died as a result of road traffic accidents were included. Data such as age, sex, the role of the deceased in the accident, location and timing of the accident, type of vehicle involved, place of death, severity of injury, and cause of death were analyzed.

Results: The majority of traffic accident-related deaths occurred in males, particularly among drivers aged 61 years and older. Most accidents took place in rural areas, on weekdays, and between 12: 01 PM and 6: 00 PM. Automobiles were the most frequently involved vehicles (60%). Approximately half of the deaths occurred at the scene. In most cases, at least one bone fracture was observed, most commonly in the thoracic region (37%), followed by skull fractures (30%). Internal organ injuries were present in 98% of the cases, with the brain and intrathoracic organs being the most commonly affected. Spinal cord injuries were identified in approximately one-quarter (26%) of the cases. The most common cause of death was multiple body trauma (52%), followed by head trauma (20%).

Conclusion: To reduce deaths resulting from road traffic accidents, stricter speed control measures should be implemented on non-urban roads, road safety improvements should be prioritized, and regular health screenings should be encouraged for older drivers. Additionally, improvements in emergency response systems and the early use of advanced imaging techniques may help reduce morbidity and mortality rates.