Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Disorders in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

IF 2.3 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Pulmonary Therapy Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI:10.1007/s41030-025-00299-x

Mai Nguyen-Thi-Phuong, Mai Nguyen-Thi-Thanh, Robert Joel Goldberg, Hoa L Nguyen, An Dao-Thi-Minh, Sy Duong-Quy

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disorders are common yet often underdiagnosed in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These disturbances can exacerbate ADHD symptoms and negatively affect cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep disorders in children with ADHD using standardized diagnostic criteria and to identify associated clinical and behavioral factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 629 children aged 6-12 years (mean age: 7.8 ± 1.5 years) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and respiratory polygraphy. Sleep disorders were classified on the basis of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition (ICSD-3). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated risk factors.

Results: Sleep disorders were diagnosed in 70.0% of children with ADHD. The most common disorders were insomnia (40.2%), OSA (23.4%), parasomnias (27.8%), restless legs syndrome (10.5%), and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (4.8%). The inattentive ADHD subtype, psychiatric comorbidities, tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy, iron-deficiency anemia, and sleep-related behaviors in children with ADHD were significantly associated with sleep disturbances.

Conclusions: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent and diverse in children with ADHD. Early identification and targeted management of sleep disturbances, particularly OSA and insomnia, are essential to improving sleep quality and optimizing ADHD outcomes. Routine sleep screening should be integrated into clinical ADHD evaluations. Graphical abstract available for this article.

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注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠障碍。

睡眠障碍在患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童中很常见，但往往未被充分诊断。这些干扰会加剧ADHD症状，并对认知、情绪和行为功能产生负面影响。本研究旨在用标准化的诊断标准描述ADHD儿童中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）和其他睡眠障碍的患病率，并确定相关的临床和行为因素。方法：对629例6 ~ 12岁（平均7.8±1.5岁）诊断为ADHD的儿童进行横断面研究。使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）、儿童睡眠问卷（PSQ）和呼吸测谎仪对睡眠障碍进行评估。根据国际睡眠障碍分类第三版（ICSD-3）对睡眠障碍进行分类。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定相关危险因素。结果：70.0%的ADHD患儿被诊断为睡眠障碍。最常见的障碍是失眠（40.2%）、OSA（23.4%）、睡眠异常（27.8%）、不宁腿综合征（10.5%）和睡眠-觉醒延迟障碍（4.8%）。ADHD儿童的注意力不集中亚型、精神合并症、扁桃体和腺样体肥大、缺铁性贫血和睡眠相关行为与睡眠障碍显著相关。结论：睡眠障碍在ADHD儿童中非常普遍且多样。早期识别和有针对性地管理睡眠障碍，特别是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和失眠，对于改善睡眠质量和优化ADHD结果至关重要。常规睡眠筛查应纳入临床ADHD评估。本文提供图形摘要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Pulmonary Therapy Medicine-Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Aims and Scope Pulmonary Therapy is an international, open access, peer-reviewed (single-blind), and rapid publication journal. The scope of the journal is broad and will consider all scientifically sound research from pre-clinical, clinical (all phases), observational, real-world, and health outcomes research around the use of pulmonary therapies, devices, and surgical techniques. Areas of focus include, but are not limited to: asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; pulmonary hypertension; cystic fibrosis; lung cancer; respiratory tract disorders; allergic rhinitis and other respiratory allergies; influenza, pneumococcal infection, respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory infections; and inhalers and other device therapies. The journal is of interest to a broad audience of pharmaceutical and healthcare professionals and publishes original research, reviews, case reports/series, trial protocols and short communications such as commentaries and editorials. Pulmonary Therapy will consider all scientifically sound research be it positive, confirmatory or negative data. Submissions are welcomed whether they relate to an international and/or a country-specific audience, something that is crucially important when researchers are trying to target more specific patient populations. This inclusive approach allows the journal to assist in the dissemination of quality research, which may be considered of insufficient interest by other journals. Rapid Publication The journal’s publication timelines aim for a rapid peer review of 2 weeks. If an article is accepted it will be published 3–4 weeks from acceptance. The rapid timelines are achieved through the combination of a dedicated in-house editorial team, who manage article workflow, and an extensive Editorial and Advisory Board who assist with peer review. This allows the journal to support the rapid dissemination of research, whilst still providing robust peer review. Combined with the journal’s open access model this allows for the rapid, efficient communication of the latest research and reviews, fostering the advancement of pulmonary therapies. Open Access All articles published by Pulmonary Therapy are open access. Personal Service The journal’s dedicated in-house editorial team offer a personal “concierge service” meaning authors will always have an editorial contact able to update them on the status of their manuscript. The editorial team check all manuscripts to ensure that articles conform to the most recent COPE, GPP and ICMJE publishing guidelines. This supports the publication of ethically sound and transparent research. Digital Features and Plain Language Summaries Pulmonary Therapy offers a range of additional features designed to increase the visibility, readership and educational value of the journal’s content. Each article is accompanied by key summary points, giving a time-efficient overview of the content to a wide readership. Articles may be accompanied by plain language summaries to assist readers who have some knowledge of, but not in-depth expertise in, the area to understand the scientific content and overall implications of the article. The journal also provides the option to include various types of digital features including animated abstracts, video abstracts, slide decks, audio slides, instructional videos, infographics, podcasts and animations. All additional features are peer reviewed to the same high standard as the article itself. If you consider that your paper would benefit from the inclusion of a digital feature, please let us know. Our editorial team are able to create high-quality slide decks and infographics in-house, and video abstracts through our partner Research Square, and would be happy to assist in any way we can. For further information about digital features, please contact the journal editor (see ‘Contact the Journal’ for email address), and see the ‘Guidelines for digital features and plain language summaries’ document under ‘Submission guidelines’. For examples of digital features please visit our showcase page https://springerhealthcare.com/expertise/publishing-digital-features/ Publication Fees Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be required to pay the mandatory Rapid Service Fee of €4500/ $5100/ £3650. The journal will consider fee discounts and waivers for developing countries and this is decided on a case by case basis. Peer Review Process Upon submission, manuscripts are assessed by the editorial team to ensure they fit within the aims and scope of the journal and are also checked for plagiarism. All suitable submissions are then subject to a comprehensive single-blind peer review. Reviewers are selected based on their relevant expertise and publication history in the subject area. The journal has an extensive pool of editorial and advisory board members who have been selected to assist with peer review based on the afore-mentioned criteria. At least two extensive reviews are required to make the editorial decision, with the exception of some article types such as Commentaries, Editorials, and Letters which are generally reviewed by one member of the Editorial Board. Where reviewer recommendations are conflicted, the editorial board will be contacted for further advice and a presiding decision. Manuscripts are then either accepted, rejected or authors are required to make major or minor revisions (both reviewer comments and editorial comments may need to be addressed). Once a revised manuscript is re-submitted, it is assessed along with the responses to reviewer comments and if it has been adequately revised it will be accepted for publication. Accepted manuscripts are then copyedited and typeset by the production team before online publication. Appeals against decisions following peer review are considered on a case-by-case basis and should be sent to the journal editor. Preprints We encourage posting of preprints of primary research manuscripts on preprint servers, authors’ or institutional websites, and open communications between researchers whether on community preprint servers or preprint commenting platforms. Posting of preprints is not considered prior publication and will not jeopardize consideration in our journals. 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For more information about the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License, click here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0. Contact For more information about the journal, including pre-submission enquiries, please contact christopher.vautrinot@springer.com.