A Short Review of the Life of Major Existing Dams in India

Abstract

This study examines the current state and projected future of India's dams, focusing on the challenges posed by ageing infrastructure, sedimentation, increasing water demands and climate change. With over half of India's major dams now surpassing 50 years of age, the risk of structural deterioration and reduced functionality is escalating. Sedimentation, a critical issue, has led to a substantial decrease in reservoir storage capacity, impacting water availability for agriculture, drinking water and hydropower generation. Additionally, climate change is anticipated to intensify these challenges, with more frequent and severe weather events stressing dams that were not originally designed for such variability. To ensure the longevity and resilience of these structures, comprehensive adaptation measures are essential. Key recommendations include modernising dam infrastructure, implementing advanced sediment management strategies, integrating climate-responsive design features and enhancing real-time monitoring systems. Future research should prioritise climate modelling, innovative sediment control and seismic resilience improvements. Proactive policy, combined with sustained funding and community engagement, is vital to safeguarding India's water resources and addressing the complexities of an evolving environmental landscape.