Joint resource allocation for high-mobility HCNs with D2D communications

Abstract

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with high-mobility, as an important part of future mobile communication systems, can effectively integrate multiple different types of network nodes and provide more flexible and efficient communication services. However, the high-mobility and heterogeneity will bring about frequent network dynamics variation and severe interference, impacting resource utilization efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS), particularly in scenarios involving Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. Consequently, optimizing the total energy efficiency (EE) of both uplink and downlink while ensuring QoS becomes a critical challenge. We aim to optimize the total EE of uplink and downlink in high-mobility HCNs with D2D communications to meet the resource allocation (RA) demands in dynamic mobile environments. Through rigorous theoretical modeling, we formulate an energy-efficient joint RA issue that incorporates minimum data rate requirements for both uplink and downlink, as well as cross-tier interference and power constraints, making it an NP-hard hybrid optimization challenge. To address this, a novel evolution algorithm named quantum-inspired differential evolution algorithm (QDEA) is designed to achieve synchronized configuration of time-division duplexing (TDD), spectrum, and power resources. Simulation results reveal that the proposed QDEA significantly enhances EE while maintaining QoS in high-mobility HCN scenarios, showing a high adaptability under various network conditions.