Evaluation of protective performance of children helmets via biomechanical modelling.

Pengcheng Zhou, Guibing Li, Xinyu Wang
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to compare the protective performance of helmet designs with different sizes and cushion materials for skull and brain injuries in children. Methods: A 6-year-old child head finite element (FE) model with high biofidelity was used to conduct impact simulations under the protection of helmets with different sizes (small, medium and large) and cushion materials (EPS-expanded polystyrene, PU-polyurethane and airbag) according to the testing conditions specified by the standard. Then, the protective performance of different helmet designs was evaluated by assessing skull and brain injury risk calculated based on the kinematic and biomechanical response of the child head model. Results: The skull fracture risk of children under the protection of airbag helmets is lower than that of EPS and PU helmets by more than 50%. Large-sized helmets, with thicker padding, show better protective capability for skull injury compared to small-sized helmets. The risk of brain injury under airbag helmet protection is significantly lower than EPS and PU helmet under 4.8 m/s sharp anvil impact test condition, and small sized helmet could generally reduce brain injury risk under the 6.2 m/s flat anvil impact test condition. However, no obvious effect has been found of helmet size and material to brain injury risk in the impact scenarios at 6.2 m/s. Conclusions: The size and cushion material of the helmet have a significant influence on its skull injury protection performance, but their effect pattern on brain injury protection capability is not obvious. The use of airbag helmets with larger buffering stroke can effectively reduce both the risk of skull and brain injuries under relatively low impact loads.

基于生物力学模型的儿童头盔防护性能评价。
目的:本研究的目的是比较不同尺寸和缓冲材料的头盔设计对儿童颅脑损伤的保护性能。方法:采用高生物保真度的6岁儿童头部有限元(FE)模型,根据标准规定的试验条件,在不同尺寸(小、中、大)头盔和缓冲材料(eps -膨胀聚苯乙烯、pu -聚氨酯和安全气囊)的保护下进行撞击模拟。然后,根据儿童头部模型的运动学和生物力学响应计算颅骨和脑损伤风险,评估不同头盔设计的防护性能。结果:在安全气囊头盔的保护下,儿童颅骨骨折的风险比EPS和PU头盔低50%以上。与小尺寸头盔相比,大尺寸头盔的填充物更厚,对颅骨损伤的保护能力更好。在4.8 m/s的尖砧撞击试验条件下,安全气囊头盔保护下的脑损伤风险明显低于EPS和PU头盔,而在6.2 m/s的平砧撞击试验条件下,小尺寸头盔一般可以降低脑损伤风险。然而,在6.2 m/s速度下,头盔尺寸和材质对脑损伤风险的影响并不明显。结论:头盔的尺寸和缓冲材料对其颅脑损伤防护性能有显著影响,但对颅脑损伤防护能力的影响规律不明显。使用缓冲行程较大的安全气囊头盔,在相对较低的冲击载荷下,可以有效降低颅骨和脑损伤的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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