Impact of early social isolation on social circuits and behavior: relevance to schizophrenia.

Ayako Kawatake-Kuno, Michael B Leventhal, Hirofumi Morishita
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Abstract

Social deficits are a core feature of many psychiatric disorders. Importantly, aberrant social experiences during childhood and adolescence profoundly influence maturation of the brain function and induce social impairments in adulthood. Social isolation, especially among youth, has been highlighted as a serious risk to mental health. As a result, understanding the consequences of social isolation on a mechanistic level has become increasingly urgent. Recent rodent studies have revealed that social isolation during development induces widespread changes in adult brain structures, particularly in the prefrontal cortical circuits, and causes altered social behavior. These findings led us to develop two models proposing that social isolation may cause deficits through either concurrent (social deprivation model) or subsequent (developmental mismatch model) to social disruption. Building on these two models, this review examines how these models provide complementary perspectives on the influence of social isolation on the progression of schizophrenia, from the prodromal to the psychotic phase, a condition in which genetic and environmental risk factors are closely linked to social isolation. Advancing our understanding of treatment timing and targets for isolation-induced social deficits through the lenses of these models may help identify the optimal developmental timing for effective interventions and prevention strategies for schizophrenia.

早期社会孤立对社会回路和行为的影响:与精神分裂症有关。
社会缺陷是许多精神疾病的核心特征。重要的是,童年和青春期异常的社会经历深刻地影响了脑功能的成熟,并导致成年后的社会障碍。社会孤立,特别是青年中的社会孤立,已被强调为精神健康的严重风险。因此,在机械层面上理解社会孤立的后果变得越来越紧迫。最近的啮齿动物研究表明,发育期间的社会隔离会引起成人大脑结构的广泛变化,特别是在前额皮质回路中,并导致社会行为的改变。这些发现使我们发展了两个模型,提出社会隔离可能通过并发(社会剥夺模型)或后续(发展错配模型)导致社会破坏。在这两个模型的基础上,本综述探讨了这些模型如何为社会隔离对精神分裂症进展的影响提供了互补的视角,从前驱期到精神病期,遗传和环境风险因素与社会隔离密切相关。通过这些模型的镜头推进我们对隔离引起的社会缺陷的治疗时机和目标的理解,可能有助于确定精神分裂症有效干预和预防策略的最佳发育时机。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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