Negative emotional states and technological addictions: The buffering and paradoxical role of perceived social support.

Abstract

ObjectiveNegative emotional states are well-established risk factors for technological addictions because some individuals use games, social media, or pornography excessively as a coping strategy. Given these links, perceived social support should act as a buffer against the effects of negative emotional states. Consequently, the current exploratory study aimed to examine the role of perceived social support in moderating the effects of negative emotional states on technological addictions.MethodsThere was a total of 169 participants (71.6% females, 27.2% males, and 1.2% others). They completed instruments that assess negative emotional states, perceived social support, internet gaming disorder (IGD), social media addiction (SMA), and problematic pornography use (PPU).ResultsThe results showed that perceived social support had buffering effects (reducing symptoms of technological addictions), paradoxical effects (exacerbating symptoms of technological addictions), and no significant effects. Specifically, individuals with low negative emotional states had lower PPU with perceived social support from significant other and family. However, individuals with high negative emotional states had higher IGD and PPU with perceived social support from family.ConclusionLimitations include the lack of distinction between online and offline perceived social support and the omission of the last item of the instrument for PPU. Limitations notwithstanding, the study extended on previous research and highlighted the complex relationships between negative emotional states, perceived social support, and technological addictions.