PET Imaging Unveils Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders: From Microglial Activation to Therapeutic Innovation.

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Yu-Dan Liu, Yi-Heng Chang, Xue-Ting Xie, Xin-Yao Wang, Hao-Yan Ma, Mei-Chen Liu, Hui-Min Zhang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Recent advancements in neuroinflammation research have significantly enhanced our understanding of its pivotal role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, leveraging its unique ability to quantify biological processes in vivo non-invasively, has emerged as a transformative tool for investigating neuroimmune mechanisms. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of activated microglia and astrocytes during neuroinflammation, enables PET-based visualization of neuroinflammatory activity, offering novel insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric conditions. This review synthesizes recent TSPO PET imaging findings across major psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and psychosis. We critically evaluate how TSPO PET elucidates neuroinflammatory signatures linked to disease progression, treatment responses, and therapeutic stratification. Furthermore, we explore the translational potential of anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., celecoxib and minocycline) and TSPO-targeted ligands (e.g., etifoxine and XBD173) in modulating neurosteroid synthesis and neuroimmune interactions. By bridging methodological innovations with clinical applications, this review underscores the promise of TSPO PET in advancing diagnostic precision, personalized treatment strategies, and mechanistic insights into neuroinflammation-driven psychiatric pathologies. Challenges such as genetic polymorphisms (e.g., rs6971), partial volume effects (PVEs), and quantification biases are discussed to guide future research directions.

PET成像揭示精神疾病的神经炎症机制:从小胶质细胞激活到治疗创新。
近年来神经炎症研究的进展使我们对其在精神疾病发病机制和病理生理中的关键作用有了更深入的认识。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)成像,利用其独特的能力,量化生物过程在体内无创,已成为研究神经免疫机制的变革性工具。18 kDa转运蛋白(TSPO)是神经炎症期间激活的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的生物标志物,它使基于pet的神经炎症活动可视化成为可能,为精神疾病的神经生物学基础提供了新的见解。这篇综述综合了最近主要精神疾病的TSPO PET成像结果,包括重度抑郁症(MDD)、强迫症(OCD)、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、精神分裂症和精神病。我们批判性地评估了TSPO PET如何阐明与疾病进展、治疗反应和治疗分层相关的神经炎症特征。此外,我们还探讨了抗炎药(如塞来昔布和米诺环素)和tspo靶向配体(如依foxine和XBD173)在调节神经类固醇合成和神经免疫相互作用中的转化潜力。通过将方法学创新与临床应用相结合,本综述强调了TSPO PET在提高诊断精度、个性化治疗策略和神经炎症驱动的精神病理机制方面的前景。讨论了遗传多态性(如rs6971)、部分体积效应(pve)和量化偏差等挑战,以指导未来的研究方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Molecular Neurobiology
Molecular Neurobiology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
9.00
自引率
2.00%
发文量
480
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Neurobiology is an exciting journal for neuroscientists needing to stay in close touch with progress at the forefront of molecular brain research today. It is an especially important periodical for graduate students and "postdocs," specifically designed to synthesize and critically assess research trends for all neuroscientists hoping to stay active at the cutting edge of this dramatically developing area. This journal has proven to be crucial in departmental libraries, serving as essential reading for every committed neuroscientist who is striving to keep abreast of all rapid developments in a forefront field. Most recent significant advances in experimental and clinical neuroscience have been occurring at the molecular level. Until now, there has been no journal devoted to looking closely at this fragmented literature in a critical, coherent fashion. Each submission is thoroughly analyzed by scientists and clinicians internationally renowned for their special competence in the areas treated.
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