Pan-drug, colistin, streptomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from slaughtered cattle and human in mansoura, Egypt.

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Shimaa El Baz, Hanan Ahmed Zaher, Wafaa Ragab
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These colonies were then subjected to a series of identification tests, including biochemical assays, slide agglutination tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the invA gene, which is indicative of Salmonella presence. Furthermore, molecularly identified isolates were tested for the virulence gene spvC, which is related to the pathogenicity of Salmonella. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, providing insight into the resistance profiles of the observed isolates. In addition, a subset of 19 Salmonella isolates underwent multiplex PCR analysis to evaluate the presence of specific resistance genes: tetA, sul1, aadA1, and aac(3)-IV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall occurrence of Salmonella isolates across all examined samples was 12.7%. This included 4% from cattle carcass swabs, 12% from rectal swabs, and a notable 22% from workers' hands. The most prevalent serotypes identified were Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, exhibiting incidences of 26.3% (n = 5) and 21% (n = 4), respectively. Other serotypes included Salmonella Infantis at 15.8% (n = 3), Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Tsevie each at 10.5% (n = 2), and Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Haifa, and Salmonella Virchow at 5.3% ((n = 1) each). From the tested Salmonella isolates, 100% (19/19) were positive for the invA and 89.5% (17/19) carried Spvc genes. Resistance profiling categorized the isolates into pandrug-resistant (PDR) at 5.3%, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) at 5.3%, multidrug-resistant (MDR) at 63.1%, and low drug-resistant at 26.3%. Notably, Salmonella Enteritidis exhibited complete resistance to all tested antimicrobial agents, resulting in a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 1. Conversely, S. Typhimurium was classified as XDR, with a MAR index of 0.937. 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These antibiotics are crucial for effectively treating severe salmonellosis, highlighting the crucial need for strict antimicrobial regulation in both veterinary and human medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":"24 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-025-00809-4","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Salmonella is recognized globally as a significant foodborne pathogen associated with foodborne outbreaks in both humans and animal. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates poses a critical public health challenge. Given that the isolation of Salmonella within abattoirs is a prominent source of community infection especially through the consumption of contaminated meat. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Salmonella, the occurrence of virulence genes (invA, spvC), and specific resistance genes (tetA, sul1, aadA1, aac(3)- IV) in Salmonella isolates isolated from cattle in abattoirs. Additionally, the investigation assesses the potential exposure risks for abattoir workers in Mansoura City, Egypt.

Methods: In a study conducted from May to July 2024, a total of 150 samples were collected to investigate the presence of Salmonella in healthy Egyptian Baladi cattle and abattoir workers at the Mansoura abattoir, Mansoura City, Egypt. The sample collection comprised rectal swabs (n = 50) and meat swabs (n = 50) from cattle, in addition to 50 hand swabs obtained from abattoir workers. Salmonella isolation was done following standard microbiological techniques. Initially, pre-enrichment of the samples was conducted using buffered peptone water. Subsequently, selective enrichment was executed using Rappaport Vassiliadis broth, followed by cultivation on xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar to isolate suspected Salmonella colonies. These colonies were then subjected to a series of identification tests, including biochemical assays, slide agglutination tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the invA gene, which is indicative of Salmonella presence. Furthermore, molecularly identified isolates were tested for the virulence gene spvC, which is related to the pathogenicity of Salmonella. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, providing insight into the resistance profiles of the observed isolates. In addition, a subset of 19 Salmonella isolates underwent multiplex PCR analysis to evaluate the presence of specific resistance genes: tetA, sul1, aadA1, and aac(3)-IV.

Results: The overall occurrence of Salmonella isolates across all examined samples was 12.7%. This included 4% from cattle carcass swabs, 12% from rectal swabs, and a notable 22% from workers' hands. The most prevalent serotypes identified were Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, exhibiting incidences of 26.3% (n = 5) and 21% (n = 4), respectively. Other serotypes included Salmonella Infantis at 15.8% (n = 3), Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Tsevie each at 10.5% (n = 2), and Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Haifa, and Salmonella Virchow at 5.3% ((n = 1) each). From the tested Salmonella isolates, 100% (19/19) were positive for the invA and 89.5% (17/19) carried Spvc genes. Resistance profiling categorized the isolates into pandrug-resistant (PDR) at 5.3%, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) at 5.3%, multidrug-resistant (MDR) at 63.1%, and low drug-resistant at 26.3%. Notably, Salmonella Enteritidis exhibited complete resistance to all tested antimicrobial agents, resulting in a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 1. Conversely, S. Typhimurium was classified as XDR, with a MAR index of 0.937. Resistance rates were alarmingly high, with 100% against streptomycin, 89.5% against erythromycin, 73.7% against clindamycin, and 63.2% against ampicillin. Among the resistance genes, the aadA1 gene was most prevalent at 100%, followed by sul1 and tetA at 42.1% (n = 8) and 31.6% (n = 6), respectively. The aac(3)-IV gene was the least prevalent, noticed in 15.8% (n = 3) of the isolates.

Conclusion: The high occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars among the tested isolates is concerning. These antibiotics are crucial for effectively treating severe salmonellosis, highlighting the crucial need for strict antimicrobial regulation in both veterinary and human medicine.

从埃及曼苏拉屠宰的牛和人身上分离出的泛药、粘菌素、链霉素、红霉素、克林霉素耐药肠炎沙门氏菌血清型。
目的:沙门氏菌是全球公认的与人类和动物食源性暴发相关的重要食源性病原体。耐多药沙门氏菌分离株的增加对公共卫生构成了重大挑战。鉴于屠宰场内沙门氏菌的分离是社区感染的主要来源,特别是通过食用受污染的肉类。本研究旨在确定从屠宰场分离的牛沙门氏菌中沙门氏菌的流行程度、毒力基因(invA、spvC)和特异性耐药基因(tetA、sul1、aadA1、aac(3)- IV)的发生情况。此外,调查还评估了埃及曼苏拉市屠宰场工人的潜在暴露风险。方法:于2024年5月至7月在埃及曼苏拉市曼苏拉屠宰场采集了150份样本,调查健康的埃及巴拉迪牛和屠宰场工人中沙门氏菌的存在情况。样本收集包括来自牛的直肠拭子(n = 50)和肉拭子(n = 50),以及来自屠宰场工人的50个手拭子。采用标准微生物学技术分离沙门氏菌。最初,使用缓冲蛋白胨水对样品进行预富集。随后,用Rappaport Vassiliadis肉汤进行选择性富集,然后在木糖-赖氨酸-脱氧胆酸(XLD)琼脂上培养,分离可疑沙门氏菌菌落。然后对这些菌落进行一系列鉴定试验,包括生化试验、玻片凝集试验和针对invA基因的聚合酶链反应(PCR),这表明沙门氏菌的存在。此外,对分子鉴定的分离株进行了与沙门氏菌致病性有关的毒力基因spvC的检测。采用Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散法评估分离株的抗菌药物敏感性,从而深入了解所观察到的分离株的耐药概况。此外,对19株沙门氏菌分离物进行多重PCR分析,以评估特定耐药基因的存在:tetA、sul1、aadA1和aac(3)-IV。结果:所有检测样本中沙门氏菌分离株的总发生率为12.7%。其中4%来自牛尸体拭子,12%来自直肠拭子,值得注意的是22%来自工人的手。最常见的血清型为肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,发病率分别为26.3% (n = 5)和21% (n = 4)。其他血清型包括婴儿沙门氏菌占15.8% (n = 3),肯塔基沙门氏菌和采维沙门氏菌各占10.5% (n = 2),甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、海法沙门氏菌和魏氏沙门氏菌各占5.3% (n = 1)。其中,100%(19/19)的沙门氏菌invA阳性,89.5%(17/19)的沙门氏菌携带Spvc基因。耐药谱分析将分离株分为全面耐药(PDR)占5.3%,广泛耐药(XDR)占5.3%,多重耐药(MDR)占63.1%,低耐药占26.3%。值得注意的是,肠炎沙门氏菌对所有测试的抗菌素均表现出完全耐药,导致多重抗生素耐药指数为1。相反,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌属于XDR,其MAR指数为0.937。对链霉素的耐药率为100%,对红霉素的耐药率为89.5%,对克林霉素的耐药率为73.7%,对氨苄西林的耐药率为63.2%。在耐药基因中,aadA1基因最多(100%),其次是sul1基因(42.1%)和tetA基因(31.6%)(n = 6)。aac(3)-IV基因最不常见,仅占15.8% (n = 3)。结论:检测菌株中多药耐药(MDR)沙门氏菌血清型的高发生率值得关注。这些抗生素对于有效治疗严重沙门氏菌病至关重要,这凸显了在兽药和人用药中严格监管抗微生物药物的迫切需要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials considers good quality, novel and international research of more than regional relevance. Research must include epidemiological and/or clinical information about isolates, and the journal covers the clinical microbiology of bacteria, viruses and fungi, as well as antimicrobial treatment of infectious diseases. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials is an open access, peer-reviewed journal focusing on information concerning clinical microbiology, infectious diseases and antimicrobials. The management of infectious disease is dependent on correct diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and with this in mind, the journal aims to improve the communication between laboratory and clinical science in the field of clinical microbiology and antimicrobial treatment. Furthermore, the journal has no restrictions on space or access; this ensures that the journal can reach the widest possible audience.
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