Noncloud Contaminants in Agricultural Soil Monitoring: Quantifying Spectral Distortions From Plastic Covers, Pylons, and Aircraft Overpasses

IF 4.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Elsy Ibrahim;Anne Gobin
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Abstract

The detection and exclusion of clouds and their shadows have been the primary focus of pixel contamination in spaceborne agricultural soil monitoring. However, contaminants affecting specific parts of agricultural fields, such as stationary features (large pylons and artificial soil cover) and dynamic sources (pylon shadows and passing aircraft with contrails), have been overlooked despite their importance in precision agriculture. This study investigates these underexplored sources of pixel contamination and their implications for agricultural soil monitoring. Using bare soil data from 2017 to 2023 and focusing on the field preparation period from mid-April to late May, we analyzed the effects of artificial soil cover, transmission tower shadows, and aircraft overflights on bare soil reflectance. These pixel contaminants significantly altered surface reflectance compared to clear bare soil pixels, with P $\leq$ 0.0001 for artificially covered, P $\leq$ 0.01 for aircraft-impacted and P $\leq$ 0.05 for tower shadowed pixels. Artificial cover increased the surface reflectance of bare soil by 10% to 50% in the visible and near-infrared bands, with a smaller increase of 5% in the shortwave infrared bands; pylon shadows reduced the surface reflectance by up to 5% within a 10 m buffer around the shadow. Aircraft footprints caused a sixfold increase in reflectance, with contrails affecting large areas and increasing reflectance by up to 30%. Important spectral indices for bare soil analyses were significantly affected by artificial cover, but not always by shadows or aircraft impact. The analysis provides insights into the spectral anomalies caused by pixel contaminants and highlights the need to account for such influences to improve the accuracy of spaceborne agricultural soil monitoring, particularly in small parcels or field zones.
农业土壤监测中的非云污染物:量化来自塑料覆盖物、塔架和飞机立交桥的光谱扭曲
在星载农业土壤监测中,云及其阴影的检测和排除一直是像元污染的主要焦点。然而,影响农业领域特定部分的污染物,如固定特征(大型塔架和人工土壤覆盖)和动态来源(塔架阴影和带尾迹的过往飞机),尽管在精准农业中很重要,但却被忽视了。本研究调查了这些未充分开发的像素污染来源及其对农业土壤监测的影响。利用2017 - 2023年的裸地土壤数据,以4月中旬- 5月下旬的野外准备期为研究对象,分析了人工土壤覆盖、输电塔阴影和飞机飞越对裸地土壤反射率的影响。与干净的裸露土壤像元相比,这些像元污染物显著改变了表面反射率,人工覆盖的P为$\leq$ 0.0001,飞机撞击的P为$\leq$ 0.01,塔影像元的P为$\leq$ 0.05。人工覆盖使裸土表面反射率增加10倍% to 50% in the visible and near-infrared bands, with a smaller increase of 5% in the shortwave infrared bands; pylon shadows reduced the surface reflectance by up to 5% within a 10 m buffer around the shadow. Aircraft footprints caused a sixfold increase in reflectance, with contrails affecting large areas and increasing reflectance by up to 30%. Important spectral indices for bare soil analyses were significantly affected by artificial cover, but not always by shadows or aircraft impact. The analysis provides insights into the spectral anomalies caused by pixel contaminants and highlights the need to account for such influences to improve the accuracy of spaceborne agricultural soil monitoring, particularly in small parcels or field zones.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
10.90%
发文量
563
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing addresses the growing field of applications in Earth observations and remote sensing, and also provides a venue for the rapidly expanding special issues that are being sponsored by the IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society. The journal draws upon the experience of the highly successful “IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing” and provide a complementary medium for the wide range of topics in applied earth observations. The ‘Applications’ areas encompasses the societal benefit areas of the Global Earth Observations Systems of Systems (GEOSS) program. Through deliberations over two years, ministers from 50 countries agreed to identify nine areas where Earth observation could positively impact the quality of life and health of their respective countries. Some of these are areas not traditionally addressed in the IEEE context. These include biodiversity, health and climate. Yet it is the skill sets of IEEE members, in areas such as observations, communications, computers, signal processing, standards and ocean engineering, that form the technical underpinnings of GEOSS. Thus, the Journal attracts a broad range of interests that serves both present members in new ways and expands the IEEE visibility into new areas.
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