Bosutinib: Transforming the therapeutic landscape for HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and challenging malignancies, especially in aggressive subtypes such as HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These subtypes are characterized by rapid proliferation, high metastatic potential, and resistance to conventional therapies, leading to poor prognosis. Bosutinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate due to its dual inhibition of SRC family and Abl kinases, which are pivotal in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that bosutinib effectively suppresses tumor growth, induces apoptosis, and reduces metastatic potential. Moreover, its combination with existing therapies, such as trastuzumab or immune checkpoint inhibitors, enhances therapeutic efficacy, particularly in resistant cases. Innovative strategies, including nanoparticle-based delivery systems, further improve bosutinib’s bioavailability and targeted action, minimizing systemic toxicity. However, challenges such as resistance development and toxicity management require ongoing investigation. This review underscores bosutinib’s potential in addressing therapeutic resistance and highlights its role in precision medicine, advancing breast cancer treatment.