Geochemical characteristics, origin and main controlling factors of helium gas accumulation of helium-bearing natural gas in Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, China

Liyong Fan , Jianshe Wei , Aiping Hu , Yuhong Li , Linze Xie , Tao Jiang , Yuxuan Zhang , Shangwei Ma
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Abstract

The Ordos Basin is the largest natural gas producing region in China. Recent discoveries of two helium-rich natural gas fields (Dongsheng and Qingyang) shows promising helium resource potential. Sulige Gas Field, the largest natural gas field in China, was analyzed to evaluate its helium resource potential. Comprehensive geochemical analyses were conducted, examining natural gas components, alkane gases, carbon isotopic signatures of carbon dioxide, helium concentrations, and helium isotopic ratios within the gas field. Preliminarily studies identified the geochemical characteristics of natural gas and helium in the Paleozoic strata of Sulige Gas Field, and explored the main controlling factors of helium reservoir formation. The results show that the composition of natural gas in the Upper Paleozoic is obviously different. Specifically, Upper Paleozoic natural gas exhibited typical wet gas at the mature stage and dry gas at the over-mature stage, while Lower Paleozoic natural gas is mainly dry gas with partial contribution of wet gas. The Upper Paleozoic is dominated by thermogenic natural gas, predominantly middle-late humic gas (coal-derived) originating from Carboniferous and Permian coal measure source rocks. In contrast, the Lower Paleozoic is dominated by late sapropelic dry gas and oil cracking gas. The helium concentrations in Paleozoic natural gas is higher than in conventional natural gas (0.03%), which belongs to middle helium gas, and the Upper Paleozoic is exceeding those of the Lower Paleozoic. The helium accumulation in the Sulige Gas Field is influenced by the ancient and modern structural location, the high helium generation intensity and relatively low hydrocarbon generation potential of helium source rocks (such as U–Th-rich basement granite and granite gneiss), the development of basement faults, and the complex gas–water relationship, which is favorable for the helium to dissolve out of the water and enter into the natural gas reservoirs.
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田含氦天然气地球化学特征、成因及成藏主控因素
鄂尔多斯盆地是中国最大的天然气产区。新近发现的两个富氦气田(东胜和庆阳)显示出巨大的氦资源潜力。对中国最大的天然气田苏里格气田进行了氦气资源潜力分析。对气田内天然气组分、烷烃气体、二氧化碳碳同位素特征、氦浓度、氦同位素比值等进行了综合地球化学分析。初步识别了苏里格气田古生界天然气和氦的地球化学特征,探讨了氦储层形成的主控因素。结果表明,上古生界天然气组成存在明显差异。其中,上古生界天然气成熟阶段表现为典型的湿气,过成熟阶段表现为典型的干气,下古生界天然气以干气为主,湿气有部分贡献。上古生界以热成因天然气为主,以石炭系和二叠系煤系烃源岩的中晚期腐殖气(煤成气)为主。下古生界以晚腐泥质干气和石油裂解气为主。古生界天然气中氦气浓度高于常规天然气(0.03%),属于中氦气,上古生界高于下古生界。古、现代构造位置、氦源岩(富u - th基底花岗岩、花岗片麻岩)生氦强度高、生烃潜力相对较低、基底断裂发育、复杂的气水关系等因素影响了苏里格气田的氦成藏,有利于氦溶解出水进入天然气储层。
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