Understanding the value of paracervical block during gynecologic brachytherapy: A systematic review of the literature.

Abstract

Background: Paracervical block is a technique to provide local anesthesia with evidence supporting its use for various gynecologic procedures; however, the literature on its use for gynecologic brachytherapy is limited. This systematic review seeks to understand the efficacy and safety of paracervical block in cervical cancer brachytherapy.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE/Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to June 2023. Articles were included if they described or mentioned the use of paracervical block in the context of HDR brachytherapy for cervix cancer. Non-English language or abstract-only articles were excluded. Citations were reviewed for relevant papers. Pain control and toxicity outcomes were abstracted along with technical details of anesthesia and brachytherapy procedure.

Results: Of the 396 articles identified, eight were included. Two gave general recommendations around the role of paracervical block. The rest described its use during brachytherapy at their respective institutions. There was heterogeneity in paracervical block technique across different publications. The majority of included articles describe use of paracervical block for procedural pain control, while only one describe its use for postprocedure pain control. Pain was well controlled with <10% of patients experiencing moderate or higher pain. However, there were no studies specifically assessing pain management with versus without use of paracervical block. The rate of grade 3+ toxicity associated with its use was <5%.

Conclusions: Paracervical block is safe and can be part of effective pain management for patients receiving cervical brachytherapy. However, the incremental benefit of adding paracervical block is not well assessed in the current literature.