Feasibility analysis of the iliac tubercle in repairing maxillary canine region defects

Abstract

The maxilla is the key structure in the midface. Although literature suggests that the iliac crest has natural curvature closely resembles that of the maxilla, the theoretical and anatomical evidence supporting this similarity remains limited. In our study, we evaluated and compared the morphological characteristics of the maxillary canine region and the iliac tubercle. Sixty-seven patients who underwent 3D CT reconstruction of the head and iliac regions were included. The patients were grouped by sex (male and female) and site (left and right). The thickness, length, and curvature of the maxillary canine region and iliac tubercle were measured and compared, and the findings were validated through surgical practice. The iliac tubercle demonstrated a close match with the maxillary canine region in terms of curvature, with no significant differences observed. Although the iliac tubercle was significantly thicker than the maxillary canine region (P < 0.001), it could be adjusted to the required dimensions through bone grinding. For unilateral maxillary canine region defects, reconstruction can be achieved using either the ipsilateral anterior portion or the contralateral posterior portion of the iliac crest. In conclusion, the iliac tubercle provides sufficient bone volume and anatomical compatibility for maxillary reconstruction, which offers a reliable option for restoring both function and aesthetics in patients with maxillary canine region defects.