Smartphone Usage Patterns and Sleep Behavior in Demographic Groups: Retrospective Observational Study.

IF 5.8 2区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Ting Wang, Anja Seiger, Alexander Markowetz, Ionut Andone, Konrad Błaszkiewicz, Thomas Penzel
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smartphone usage and sleep disorders, research on demographic differences in smartphone usage and nocturnal smartphone inactivity patterns remains limited. This study introduces "nocturnal smartphone inactivity duration" as a proxy indicator to address the limitation of lacking direct sleep data and to further investigate the association between smartphone usage patterns and sleep characteristics.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate demographic differences and relationships between daily smartphone usage and nocturnal smartphone inactivity patterns.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from the Murmuras app from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. A total of 1074 participants were included, categorized by gender, age, highest degree, employment status, and smartphone usage purpose. All participants consented to participate in the study through the app. To explore the relationship between smartphone usage and nocturnal smartphone inactivity, we first calculated each participant's daily smartphone usage duration (including app usage) and duration of nocturnal smartphone inactivity; then, we assessed the normality and homogeneity of variance tests within each demographic category. Based on the results, the Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to potentially identify differences between groups. Finally, correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between smartphone usage and nocturnal smartphone inactivity.

Results: The findings revealed distinct patterns of smartphone use across demographics. Participants predominantly used smartphones for social contact (average daily usage duration=1.52 h) and recreational activities (average daily usage duration=1.08 h) through apps like Facebook and YouTube. Frequent users, especially of social media and entertainment, often increased their phone usage at night. Female participants used their phones more frequently, mainly for digital shopping and social interactions, whereas male participants used phones more at nighttime (P<.001). Both younger users and non-full-time employees engaged more in activities such as gaming and chatting (P<.01 for those comparisons). Higher education was correlated with lower use (P<.001). Those using smartphones for work-related purposes generally decreased their phone usage after work (P<.05 for those comparisons). Correlation and regression analyses of smartphone usage duration and nighttime inactivity across groups indicated that only a small subset of groups exhibited significant positive correlations, a moderate number displayed significant negative correlations, and the majority showed no significant correlation.

Conclusions: This study underscores the significant association between demographic factors and smartphone usage patterns, including nocturnal inactivity patterns. Female individuals, young people, individuals with lower educational qualifications, and those who were unemployed demonstrated higher smartphone usage. Frequent engagement with social media and leisure apps was particularly pronounced during nighttime hours, a behavior that may contribute to disruptions in sleep patterns. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing excessive smartphone use, particularly at night, to mitigate its potential adverse effects on sleep.

人口统计学中智能手机使用模式和睡眠行为:回顾性观察研究。
背景:虽然之前的研究已经调查了智能手机使用和睡眠障碍之间的关系,但关于智能手机使用和夜间不使用智能手机模式的人口统计学差异的研究仍然有限。本研究引入了“夜间智能手机无活动持续时间”作为代理指标,以解决缺乏直接睡眠数据的局限性,并进一步研究智能手机使用模式与睡眠特征之间的关系。目的:本研究旨在调查日常智能手机使用与夜间智能手机无活动模式之间的人口统计学差异和关系。方法:我们对2022年1月1日至2022年12月31日从Murmuras应用程序收集的数据进行回顾性分析。总共有1074名参与者,按性别、年龄、最高学历、就业状况和智能手机使用目的进行了分类。所有参与者都同意通过应用程序参与研究。为了探索智能手机使用与夜间不使用智能手机之间的关系,我们首先计算了每个参与者每天使用智能手机的持续时间(包括应用程序使用)和夜间不使用智能手机的持续时间;然后,我们评估了每个人口统计类别内方差检验的正态性和齐性。基于结果,Kruskal-Wallis测试被用于潜在地识别组之间的差异。最后,进行了相关和回归分析,以探讨智能手机使用与夜间不使用智能手机之间的关系。结果:调查结果揭示了不同人群使用智能手机的不同模式。参与者主要使用智能手机进行社交(平均每日使用时长为1.52小时)和通过Facebook和YouTube等应用进行娱乐活动(平均每日使用时长为1.08小时)。经常使用手机的人,尤其是社交媒体和娱乐网站的人,通常会在晚上增加使用手机的次数。女性参与者更频繁地使用手机,主要用于数字购物和社交互动,而男性参与者更多地在夜间使用手机(结论:本研究强调了人口因素与智能手机使用模式之间的重要关联,包括夜间不活动模式。女性、年轻人、教育程度较低的人和失业的人使用智能手机的比例更高。频繁使用社交媒体和休闲应用程序在夜间尤为明显,这种行为可能会导致睡眠模式中断。这些发现强调了有针对性的干预措施的必要性,以解决过度使用智能手机的问题,特别是在晚上,以减轻其对睡眠的潜在不利影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.40
自引率
5.40%
发文量
654
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) is a highly respected publication in the field of health informatics and health services. With a founding date in 1999, JMIR has been a pioneer in the field for over two decades. As a leader in the industry, the journal focuses on digital health, data science, health informatics, and emerging technologies for health, medicine, and biomedical research. It is recognized as a top publication in these disciplines, ranking in the first quartile (Q1) by Impact Factor. Notably, JMIR holds the prestigious position of being ranked #1 on Google Scholar within the "Medical Informatics" discipline.
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