[Working conditions in German intensive care units-A cross-professional analysis].

Abstract

Background: Intensive care medicine represents a highly complex and labor-intensive field that entails unique physical, psychological and structural challenges for both physicians and nursing personnel. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the working conditions in German intensive care units (ICUs), with a particular focus on differences between professional groups, hospital types and individual characteristics, such as gender, professional experience and training level.

Method: Using a German language online questionnaire a total of 753 ICU personnel from all professional groups were surveyed regarding working conditions, workload and job satisfaction. Recruitment was conducted via professional societies and social media.

Results: The results reveal significant differences in job satisfaction depending on the nurse-to-patient ratio, employment level, professional experience and gender. Nursing personnel with a favorable staffing ratio (1:2) reported higher satisfaction and lower stress levels. Younger and less experienced staff reported insufficient preparation, increased stress and lower satisfaction with training and continuing education. Physicians in training, and especially female staff members, more frequently reported having to perform tasks without adequate preparation. Furthermore, gender-based disparities were observed regarding recognition and assumption of responsibility.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for structural reformation to improve working conditions in ICUs. Key areas for action include structured onboarding, flexible work schedule models, targeted support for junior staff and gender equity as well as improvements in interprofessional collaboration and staffing levels.