Devika Tripathi, Neal M Davies, P S Rajinikanth, Prashant Pandey
{"title":"Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Pharmacogenomics for Personalized Breast Cancer Treatment: The Role of Gene SNPs in Treatment Resistance.","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Neal M Davies, P S Rajinikanth, Prashant Pandey","doi":"10.2174/0115665232373621250618181424","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains a prevalent and diverse disease, significantly contributing to cancer- related deaths among women worldwide. Recent advancements in molecular biology have paved the way for targeted therapies and pharmacogenomics, which are crucial for developing personalized treatment strategies. This literature review synthesizes findings from recent studies on these approaches, emphasizing clinical trials, genomic profiling, and personalized medicine. It aims to focus on studies examining targeted treatments, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor- 2 (HER2) inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors, alongside pharmacogenomic data that influence drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Additionally, it examines the role of gene SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) correlated with treatment resistance, which have emerged as key biomarkers affecting therapeutic outcomes in breast cancer. These SNPs, found in genes involved in drug metabolism and tumor progression, contribute to variability in treatment responses and resistance in specific subtypes. They encompass various breast cancer subtypes, including hormone receptorpositive (HR+), HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The targeted therapies, particularly HER2 inhibitors, have markedly improved outcomes for specific subtypes. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics personalizes treatment by identifying genetic variations that affect drug response, optimizing therapy selection, and minimizing adverse effects. Despite these advancements, drug resistance remains a significant challenge, highlighting the necessity for ongoing research in molecular diagnostics and innovative therapeutic combinations. The literature suggests that precision medicine, driven by genomic profiling, pharmacogenomic data, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis, is enhancing treatment efficacy for breast cancer patients. HER2- positive and HR+ patients have especially benefitted from these targeted therapies while emerging treatments are addressing the complexities of TNBC. Additionally, genetic testing, such as BRCA1/2 mutation screening, is vital for guiding treatment decisions. Targeted therapies and pharmacogenomics have revolutionized breast cancer treatment, providing more personalized and effective care. Nevertheless, overcoming drug resistance and expanding access to genomic testing are essential for future advancements in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":10798,"journal":{"name":"Current gene therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current gene therapy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665232373621250618181424","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a prevalent and diverse disease, significantly contributing to cancer- related deaths among women worldwide. Recent advancements in molecular biology have paved the way for targeted therapies and pharmacogenomics, which are crucial for developing personalized treatment strategies. This literature review synthesizes findings from recent studies on these approaches, emphasizing clinical trials, genomic profiling, and personalized medicine. It aims to focus on studies examining targeted treatments, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor- 2 (HER2) inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors, alongside pharmacogenomic data that influence drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Additionally, it examines the role of gene SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) correlated with treatment resistance, which have emerged as key biomarkers affecting therapeutic outcomes in breast cancer. These SNPs, found in genes involved in drug metabolism and tumor progression, contribute to variability in treatment responses and resistance in specific subtypes. They encompass various breast cancer subtypes, including hormone receptorpositive (HR+), HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The targeted therapies, particularly HER2 inhibitors, have markedly improved outcomes for specific subtypes. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics personalizes treatment by identifying genetic variations that affect drug response, optimizing therapy selection, and minimizing adverse effects. Despite these advancements, drug resistance remains a significant challenge, highlighting the necessity for ongoing research in molecular diagnostics and innovative therapeutic combinations. The literature suggests that precision medicine, driven by genomic profiling, pharmacogenomic data, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis, is enhancing treatment efficacy for breast cancer patients. HER2- positive and HR+ patients have especially benefitted from these targeted therapies while emerging treatments are addressing the complexities of TNBC. Additionally, genetic testing, such as BRCA1/2 mutation screening, is vital for guiding treatment decisions. Targeted therapies and pharmacogenomics have revolutionized breast cancer treatment, providing more personalized and effective care. Nevertheless, overcoming drug resistance and expanding access to genomic testing are essential for future advancements in this field.
期刊介绍:
Current Gene Therapy is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed journal aimed at academic and industrial scientists with an interest in major topics concerning basic research and clinical applications of gene and cell therapy of diseases. Cell therapy manuscripts can also include application in diseases when cells have been genetically modified. Current Gene Therapy publishes full-length/mini reviews and original research on the latest developments in gene transfer and gene expression analysis, vector development, cellular genetic engineering, animal models and human clinical applications of gene and cell therapy for the treatment of diseases.
Current Gene Therapy publishes reviews and original research containing experimental data on gene and cell therapy. The journal also includes manuscripts on technological advances, ethical and regulatory considerations of gene and cell therapy. Reviews should provide the reader with a comprehensive assessment of any area of experimental biology applied to molecular medicine that is not only of significance within a particular field of gene therapy and cell therapy but also of interest to investigators in other fields. Authors are encouraged to provide their own assessment and vision for future advances. Reviews are also welcome on late breaking discoveries on which substantial literature has not yet been amassed. Such reviews provide a forum for sharply focused topics of recent experimental investigations in gene therapy primarily to make these results accessible to both clinical and basic researchers. Manuscripts containing experimental data should be original data, not previously published.