ESA Governing Board Spring 2025 Meeting Minutes Ecological Society of America Washington, DC and Zoom Meeting May 13–14, 2025

{"title":"ESA Governing Board Spring 2025 Meeting Minutes Ecological Society of America Washington, DC and Zoom Meeting May 13–14, 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bes2.70027","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>\n \n </p><p>\n \n </p><p>\n \n </p><p>President Hampton presiding, meeting called to order at 10:00 a.m. EST</p><p>I. Roll Call and Agenda (Hampton)</p><p>A. Adopt Agenda</p><p><b>Motion to Adopt Meeting Agenda:</b> Motion moved by Jeannine Cavender-Bares and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.</p><p>B. Consent Agenda</p><p>No objections were made. The consent agenda was approved.</p><p>II. Reports</p><p>A. Report of the President (Hampton)</p><p>President Hampton reminded the Governing Board (GB) of the conflicts of interest and especially the case where a GB member is working with another organization with similar goals. She also addressed the current climate of uncertainty, reflected on the concept of purposeful engagement, and lauded the ongoing efforts of the ESA staff. She ended by expressing her appreciation on behalf of the GB for the staff's efforts and dedication.</p><p>III. Strategic and Operational Updates</p><p>A. Publications Update/New Journals</p><p>ESA Publications Director Adrienne Sponberg discussed progress made in the journals program since November 2024. ESA experienced a slight decline in publishing revenue between 2023 and 2024. This report explains some of the factors that caused the decline, actions taken to reverse the trend, and provides updated metrics for ESA publications. Her report summarized operational challenges and efforts underway across the publication portfolio, as requested by the Governing Board at the November 2024 board retreat. Also included are updates on major changes to the peer review software we use and activity around a possible new ESA journal. The GB noted the considerable work that went into reducing the publications backlog and also discussed the new REX system and support that could be provided to the Editorial Office and Editors during the transition.</p><p>C. Annual Meeting Updates for 2025</p><p>E. Impacts of Executive Orders on Higher Education and Scholarly Societies</p><p>Art Coleman, a Founding Partner of Education Counsel, LLC, spoke with the Governing Board during lunch to discuss the impacts of executive orders on higher education and scholarly societies. Following the presentation, the GB sought clarity from Mr. Coleman on issues relevant to the Executive Orders relevant to ESA. The GB members also asked general questions related to ongoing litigation in response to the EO's, including how courts generally viewed standing to seek relief and the strategies and partnerships Mr. Coleman considered particularly notable.</p><p>F. Task Force Report (Pataki)</p><p>Task Force to Establish a Research Agenda in Actionable Ecological Science chair Diane Pataki reported on recent progress and developments. The task force has met several times and is proposing a new focus of their work. Given the uncertainty in funding at NSF and other agencies, and the current attack on science, it is critical to communicate strong narratives about the importance of ecological research. The task force members have agreed to work together to develop these one to two page briefs. Examples are presented as part of this report on the history of deforestation and water resources, acid rain, and other topics. The task force will work with staff, primarily the Public Affairs Office, to identify appropriate audience and venues for these case studies. They also request the Board's assistance in seeking alternative funding sources for a workshop series. The GB discussed the potential audience for case studies (decision-makers, the general public), venues for their publication based on the target audience, and how these might shape potential funding sources for this initiative.</p><p><b>Motion to Amend Policy on Spending on Reserves:</b> Motion to amend the policy on spending on reserves by combining the board designated assets with the unrestricted net assets for use in calculating the amount that can be spent each year. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Stephanie Hampton. All aye.</p><p><b>Motion to Adopt FY 2025–2026 Spending on Reserves Proposals:</b> Motion to adopt the FY 2025–2026 spending on reserves for four continuing and one new project as recommended by the Finance Committee. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.</p><p><b>Motion to Adopt FY 2025–2026 Operating Budget:</b> Motion to adopt the FY2025–2026 annual operating budget as recommended by the Finance Committee. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Stephanie Hampton. All aye.</p><p>The GB will review the status of the operating budget at its Fall meeting to determine whether the operating budget needs to be revised in light of possible events that might come to pass between the present vote and Fall meeting.</p><p>H. Fundraising Update; Diana Wall Bequest/Thanking Donors</p><p>ED O'Riordan gave an update on ESA fundraising efforts. In its goal to fully endow the Equity and Excellence in Ecology (EEE) fund, ESA has raised over $50K toward the Phil Taylor $100K match, bringing our total to $250K (out of the first $400K target).</p><p>ESA received $516K from the bequest of Diana Wall. For now, it will hold those funds at Townley, invested in our diversified portfolio, until the GB approves how ESA will use the funds. A small group chaired by Governing Board Member Kelly Ramirez has begun to discuss options and will make a recommendation prior to August. The GB discussed outreach with potential donors and means to advance development in light of changing federal funding.</p><p>The Governing Board went into executive session at 3:10 p.m. EST</p><p>Meeting Recessed at 3:54 p.m. EST</p><p>President Hampton reconvened the meeting at 10:00 a.m. EST</p><p>I. Nominations Committee Report (Naeem)</p><p>Past President Naeem presented the 2025 slate of nominees and thanked Nomination Committee members Peter Groffman, James Rattling Leaf, Angee Doerr, Pacifica Sommers, Diogo Provete, and Kat Superfisky. The Committee reviewed nominations and solicited candidacies for President-Elect, Vice President of Finance, and one Governing Board Member position. The slate for 2025 is:</p><p>\n <b>Election slate for 2025 (to take office in 2026)</b>\n </p><p><b>Motion to Adopt Resolution Regarding Articles of Incorporation:</b> Motion to adopt the resolution regarding the ESA Articles of Incorporation. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.</p><p>K. International Activities: Updates and Strategies</p><p>O'Riordan, Mize, and Naeem presented current and potential strategies to connect with ecology colleagues and societies around the world. ESA members have been participating in international organizations for some time with the goal of leveraging those activities to advance ecology. The GB members discussed the way in which ESA would participate at the upcoming COP meeting in Belem as well as other international fora given changes in formal US government participation. The GB also discussed mechanisms for engagement with scientists outside of the US, including both the leadership of international scientific societies and ESA members based outside of the US.</p><p>L. Coalitions and Umbrella Affiliations: Consider AIP</p><p>Executive Director O'Riordan presented a proposal for ESA to become an Affiliate Member of the American Institute of Physics (AIP). ESA is a member of several umbrella organizations and pays annual dues to AIBS and to the Societies Consortium to End Harassment in STEMM. ESA is eligible to become an affiliate society of AIP. Affiliate status has no dues (free to participate) and we would join current affiliates AIMBE, Biophysical Society, AGU, and the Geological Society of America, among others. The GB discussed the opportunity, and there was a consensus that Affiliate membership was a valuable opportunity to both engage with other disciplines and take advantage of the resources provided.</p><p>M. New Undergraduate Student Member Category</p><p>To facilitate long-term relationships with ecologists at all levels of their careers, and to build better relationships with faculty and administrators at colleges and universities, and to increase membership revenue and participation, ESA Director of Membership Jonathan Miller proposed a new membership category for undergraduates beginning in the 2026 membership year, and re-name the current student membership as being for graduate students. The GB discussed potential activities that could emphasize to UG members the different career options for which training in ecology would prepare them, given that many UG members might be interested in ecology but not aware of career options outside of academic ecology.</p><p><b>Motion to Add Undergraduate Member Category:</b> Motion to adopt the proposal to add an undergraduate student membership and rename the current student membership as “graduate student.” Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.</p><p>The Governing Board and ESA Staff discussed ongoing and potential litigation regarding NSF and other federal agencies and the range of ways in which ESA might become involved, including as a plaintiff or co-plaintiff. The GB discussed the potential risks and rewards of joining litigation and alternative processes for deciding how to do so. There was broad support for the ESA to take bold action in support of its members, but it was necessary to have an idea of the potential financial costs, more details regarding potential litigation (co-plaintiffs, how the legal fees would be paid, etc.). The staff will be providing a summary of potential cases, risks, and financial costs so that the GB will have a more concrete idea of what such actions entail. The GB members also recognized the importance of responding quickly to any action proposed by the ESA leadership.</p><p><b>Motion to Adjourn Spring 25 Governing Board Meeting:</b> Motion to adjourn Spring 2025 Governing Board meeting. Motion moved by Stephanie Hampton and motion seconded by Emilio Bruna. All aye.</p><p>Meeting Adjourned.</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.70027","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bes2.70027","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

President Hampton presiding, meeting called to order at 10:00 a.m. EST

I. Roll Call and Agenda (Hampton)

A. Adopt Agenda

Motion to Adopt Meeting Agenda: Motion moved by Jeannine Cavender-Bares and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.

B. Consent Agenda

No objections were made. The consent agenda was approved.

II. Reports

A. Report of the President (Hampton)

President Hampton reminded the Governing Board (GB) of the conflicts of interest and especially the case where a GB member is working with another organization with similar goals. She also addressed the current climate of uncertainty, reflected on the concept of purposeful engagement, and lauded the ongoing efforts of the ESA staff. She ended by expressing her appreciation on behalf of the GB for the staff's efforts and dedication.

III. Strategic and Operational Updates

A. Publications Update/New Journals

ESA Publications Director Adrienne Sponberg discussed progress made in the journals program since November 2024. ESA experienced a slight decline in publishing revenue between 2023 and 2024. This report explains some of the factors that caused the decline, actions taken to reverse the trend, and provides updated metrics for ESA publications. Her report summarized operational challenges and efforts underway across the publication portfolio, as requested by the Governing Board at the November 2024 board retreat. Also included are updates on major changes to the peer review software we use and activity around a possible new ESA journal. The GB noted the considerable work that went into reducing the publications backlog and also discussed the new REX system and support that could be provided to the Editorial Office and Editors during the transition.

C. Annual Meeting Updates for 2025

E. Impacts of Executive Orders on Higher Education and Scholarly Societies

Art Coleman, a Founding Partner of Education Counsel, LLC, spoke with the Governing Board during lunch to discuss the impacts of executive orders on higher education and scholarly societies. Following the presentation, the GB sought clarity from Mr. Coleman on issues relevant to the Executive Orders relevant to ESA. The GB members also asked general questions related to ongoing litigation in response to the EO's, including how courts generally viewed standing to seek relief and the strategies and partnerships Mr. Coleman considered particularly notable.

F. Task Force Report (Pataki)

Task Force to Establish a Research Agenda in Actionable Ecological Science chair Diane Pataki reported on recent progress and developments. The task force has met several times and is proposing a new focus of their work. Given the uncertainty in funding at NSF and other agencies, and the current attack on science, it is critical to communicate strong narratives about the importance of ecological research. The task force members have agreed to work together to develop these one to two page briefs. Examples are presented as part of this report on the history of deforestation and water resources, acid rain, and other topics. The task force will work with staff, primarily the Public Affairs Office, to identify appropriate audience and venues for these case studies. They also request the Board's assistance in seeking alternative funding sources for a workshop series. The GB discussed the potential audience for case studies (decision-makers, the general public), venues for their publication based on the target audience, and how these might shape potential funding sources for this initiative.

Motion to Amend Policy on Spending on Reserves: Motion to amend the policy on spending on reserves by combining the board designated assets with the unrestricted net assets for use in calculating the amount that can be spent each year. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Stephanie Hampton. All aye.

Motion to Adopt FY 2025–2026 Spending on Reserves Proposals: Motion to adopt the FY 2025–2026 spending on reserves for four continuing and one new project as recommended by the Finance Committee. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.

Motion to Adopt FY 2025–2026 Operating Budget: Motion to adopt the FY2025–2026 annual operating budget as recommended by the Finance Committee. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Stephanie Hampton. All aye.

The GB will review the status of the operating budget at its Fall meeting to determine whether the operating budget needs to be revised in light of possible events that might come to pass between the present vote and Fall meeting.

H. Fundraising Update; Diana Wall Bequest/Thanking Donors

ED O'Riordan gave an update on ESA fundraising efforts. In its goal to fully endow the Equity and Excellence in Ecology (EEE) fund, ESA has raised over $50K toward the Phil Taylor $100K match, bringing our total to $250K (out of the first $400K target).

ESA received $516K from the bequest of Diana Wall. For now, it will hold those funds at Townley, invested in our diversified portfolio, until the GB approves how ESA will use the funds. A small group chaired by Governing Board Member Kelly Ramirez has begun to discuss options and will make a recommendation prior to August. The GB discussed outreach with potential donors and means to advance development in light of changing federal funding.

The Governing Board went into executive session at 3:10 p.m. EST

Meeting Recessed at 3:54 p.m. EST

President Hampton reconvened the meeting at 10:00 a.m. EST

I. Nominations Committee Report (Naeem)

Past President Naeem presented the 2025 slate of nominees and thanked Nomination Committee members Peter Groffman, James Rattling Leaf, Angee Doerr, Pacifica Sommers, Diogo Provete, and Kat Superfisky. The Committee reviewed nominations and solicited candidacies for President-Elect, Vice President of Finance, and one Governing Board Member position. The slate for 2025 is:

Election slate for 2025 (to take office in 2026)

Motion to Adopt Resolution Regarding Articles of Incorporation: Motion to adopt the resolution regarding the ESA Articles of Incorporation. Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.

K. International Activities: Updates and Strategies

O'Riordan, Mize, and Naeem presented current and potential strategies to connect with ecology colleagues and societies around the world. ESA members have been participating in international organizations for some time with the goal of leveraging those activities to advance ecology. The GB members discussed the way in which ESA would participate at the upcoming COP meeting in Belem as well as other international fora given changes in formal US government participation. The GB also discussed mechanisms for engagement with scientists outside of the US, including both the leadership of international scientific societies and ESA members based outside of the US.

L. Coalitions and Umbrella Affiliations: Consider AIP

Executive Director O'Riordan presented a proposal for ESA to become an Affiliate Member of the American Institute of Physics (AIP). ESA is a member of several umbrella organizations and pays annual dues to AIBS and to the Societies Consortium to End Harassment in STEMM. ESA is eligible to become an affiliate society of AIP. Affiliate status has no dues (free to participate) and we would join current affiliates AIMBE, Biophysical Society, AGU, and the Geological Society of America, among others. The GB discussed the opportunity, and there was a consensus that Affiliate membership was a valuable opportunity to both engage with other disciplines and take advantage of the resources provided.

M. New Undergraduate Student Member Category

To facilitate long-term relationships with ecologists at all levels of their careers, and to build better relationships with faculty and administrators at colleges and universities, and to increase membership revenue and participation, ESA Director of Membership Jonathan Miller proposed a new membership category for undergraduates beginning in the 2026 membership year, and re-name the current student membership as being for graduate students. The GB discussed potential activities that could emphasize to UG members the different career options for which training in ecology would prepare them, given that many UG members might be interested in ecology but not aware of career options outside of academic ecology.

Motion to Add Undergraduate Member Category: Motion to adopt the proposal to add an undergraduate student membership and rename the current student membership as “graduate student.” Motion moved by Emilio Bruna and motion seconded by Kelly Ramirez. All aye.

The Governing Board and ESA Staff discussed ongoing and potential litigation regarding NSF and other federal agencies and the range of ways in which ESA might become involved, including as a plaintiff or co-plaintiff. The GB discussed the potential risks and rewards of joining litigation and alternative processes for deciding how to do so. There was broad support for the ESA to take bold action in support of its members, but it was necessary to have an idea of the potential financial costs, more details regarding potential litigation (co-plaintiffs, how the legal fees would be paid, etc.). The staff will be providing a summary of potential cases, risks, and financial costs so that the GB will have a more concrete idea of what such actions entail. The GB members also recognized the importance of responding quickly to any action proposed by the ESA leadership.

Motion to Adjourn Spring 25 Governing Board Meeting: Motion to adjourn Spring 2025 Governing Board meeting. Motion moved by Stephanie Hampton and motion seconded by Emilio Bruna. All aye.

Meeting Adjourned.

ESA理事会2025年春季会议纪要美国生态学会华盛顿特区和Zoom会议2025年5月13日至14日
汉普顿会长主持,上午十点会议开始。ESTI。点名和议程(汉普顿)通过议程通过会议议程:珍妮·卡文德-巴雷斯动议,凯利·拉米雷斯附议。所有aye.B。同意议程没有提出反对意见。批准了同意议程。ReportsA。主席(汉普顿)的报告主席汉普顿提醒理事会注意利益冲突,特别是在一个GB成员与另一个目标相似的组织合作的情况下。她还谈到了目前的不确定气氛,反思了有目的参与的概念,并赞扬了欧空局工作人员正在进行的努力。最后,她代表英国奥委会对工作人员的努力和奉献表示感谢。战略和运营更新。出版物更新/新期刊esa出版物主任Adrienne Sponberg讨论了自2024年11月以来期刊计划取得的进展。欧空局在2023年至2024年间的出版收入略有下降。本报告解释了导致下降的一些因素,为扭转这一趋势所采取的行动,并为欧空局出版物提供了最新的指标。她的报告总结了整个出版组合的运营挑战和正在进行的努力,应理事会在2024年11月的董事会撤退中提出的要求。还包括我们使用的同行评审软件的重大变化的更新,以及围绕可能的新ESA期刊的活动。GB注意到为减少出版物积压所做的大量工作,并讨论了新的REX系统以及在过渡期间可以向编辑部和编辑提供的支持。2025E年度会议更新。行政命令对高等教育和学术团体的影响教育顾问有限责任公司的创始合伙人art Coleman在午餐期间与管理委员会讨论了行政命令对高等教育和学术团体的影响。介绍之后,GB要求Coleman先生澄清与欧空局有关的行政命令有关的问题。为回应《行政令》,英国律师协会成员还提出了与正在进行的诉讼有关的一般性问题,包括法院一般如何看待寻求救济的资格,以及科尔曼认为特别值得注意的策略和伙伴关系。工作组报告(帕塔基)建立可操作生态科学研究议程工作组主席黛安·帕塔基报告了最近的进展和发展。工作组已经召开了几次会议,并提出了新的工作重点。考虑到NSF和其他机构资金的不确定性,以及目前对科学的攻击,传达关于生态研究重要性的强有力的叙述是至关重要的。工作组成员已同意共同努力制定这些一至两页的简报。本报告的例子是关于森林砍伐和水资源、酸雨和其他主题的历史的一部分。工作队将与工作人员,主要是公共事务办公室合作,为这些个案研究确定适当的听众和地点。它们还请审计委员会协助为一系列讲习班寻找其他资金来源。GB讨论了案例研究的潜在受众(决策者、公众)、基于目标受众的出版场所,以及这些可能如何影响该倡议的潜在资金来源。修订储备开支政策动议:修订储备开支政策的动议,将董事会指定的资产与不受限制的净资产合并,以计算每年可动用的金额。埃米利奥·布鲁纳动议,斯蒂芬妮·汉普顿附议。所有的啊。通过2025-2026财年储备支出提案的动议:通过财务委员会建议的2025-2026财年四个持续项目和一个新项目的储备支出的动议。埃米利奥·布鲁纳动议,凯利·拉米雷斯附议。所有的啊。通过2025-2026财年运营预算的动议:根据财务委员会的建议,通过2025-2026财年年度运营预算的动议。埃米利奥·布鲁纳动议,斯蒂芬妮·汉普顿附议。所有的啊。英国奥委会将在秋季会议上审查运营预算的状况,以确定运营预算是否需要根据在本次投票和秋季会议之间可能发生的事件进行修订。筹款更新;戴安娜·沃尔遗赠/感谢捐赠者O'Riordan介绍了欧空局筹款工作的最新情况。欧空局的目标是全额资助生态公平与卓越(EEE)基金,欧空局已经为菲尔·泰勒的10万美元比赛筹集了5万多美元,使我们的总额达到25万美元(第一个目标是40万美元)。欧空局从戴安娜·沃尔的遗赠中获得了51.6万美元。 目前,它将把这些资金放在汤利,投资于我们的多元化投资组合,直到英国政府批准欧空局如何使用这些资金。由管理委员会成员Kelly Ramirez主持的一个小组已经开始讨论各种选择,并将在8月之前提出建议。英国政府讨论了与潜在捐助者的联系,以及根据联邦资金的变化推进发展的方法。理事会于下午3时10分开始执行会议。会议于下午3时54分休会。上午10点,汉普顿校长再次召集会议。ESTI。提名委员会报告(Naeem)前主席Naeem公布了2025年的提名名单,并感谢提名委员会成员Peter Groffman、James Rattling Leaf、Angee Doerr、Pacifica Sommers、Diogo Provete和Kat Superfisky。该委员会审查提名并征求候任总统、财务副总裁和一个管理委员会成员职位的候选人。2025年的选举日程如下:2025年的选举日程(将于2026年就职)通过公司章程决议的动议:通过有关欧空局公司章程决议的动议。埃米利奥·布鲁纳动议,凯利·拉米雷斯附议。所有aye.K。国际活动:最新进展和策略o’riordan, Mize和Naeem介绍了与世界各地的生态学同事和社会联系的当前和潜在策略。欧空局成员参加国际组织已有一段时间,目的是利用这些活动促进生态学。鉴于美国政府正式参与的变化,GB成员讨论了欧空局将以何种方式参加即将在贝伦举行的缔约方会议以及其他国际论坛。GB还讨论了与美国以外的科学家接触的机制,包括国际科学学会的领导和美国以外的欧空局成员。联盟和从属关系:考虑AIP执行主任O'Riordan提出了一项建议,要求ESA成为美国物理学会(AIP)的附属成员。ESA是几个伞型组织的成员,每年向AIBS和终止stem骚扰协会联盟缴纳会费。ESA有资格成为AIP的会员协会。会员身份没有会费(免费参加),我们将加入目前的会员AIMBE,生物物理学会,AGU和美国地质学会等。GB讨论了这个机会,大家一致认为附属会员资格是一个宝贵的机会,既可以与其他学科接触,又可以利用所提供的资源。新的本科学生会员类别为了促进与生态学家在其职业生涯的各个层面的长期关系,并与学院和大学的教师和管理人员建立更好的关系,并增加会员收入和参与,ESA会员主任Jonathan Miller提议从2026年会员年开始为本科生设立一个新的会员类别,并将目前的学生会员重新命名为研究生会员。考虑到许多UG成员可能对生态学感兴趣,但不知道学术生态学之外的职业选择,GB讨论了可能向UG成员强调生态学培训可以为他们做好准备的不同职业选择的潜在活动。增加本科生会员类别的动议:提议增加一个本科生会员,并将当前的学生会员重命名为“研究生”。埃米利奥·布鲁纳动议,凯利·拉米雷斯附议。所有的啊。理事会和欧空局工作人员讨论了有关NSF和其他联邦机构正在进行的和潜在的诉讼,以及欧空局可能参与的各种方式,包括作为原告或共同原告。GB讨论了参与诉讼的潜在风险和回报,以及决定如何这样做的替代程序。人们广泛支持欧空局采取大胆行动来支持其成员,但有必要了解潜在的财务成本,以及有关潜在诉讼的更多细节(共同原告,如何支付法律费用等)。工作人员将提供潜在案例、风险和财务成本的摘要,以便英国政府对此类行动的后果有更具体的了解。GB成员还认识到迅速响应欧空局领导层提出的任何行动的重要性。25年春季董事会会议休会动议:2025年春季董事会会议休会动议。斯蒂芬妮·汉普顿动议,埃米利奥·布鲁纳附议。所有的啊。会议休会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信