Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis developed quickly after COVID-19 infection

IF 1.5 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Acute Medicine & Surgery Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI:10.1002/ams2.70071

Daiki Mori, Takahiro Yamada, Hiroshi Fukuma, Shota Nakao, Tetsuya Matsuoka

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Abstract

Background

Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by impaired consciousness, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. We report two cases of BBE following COVID-19.

Case Presentation

Case 1: A 51-year-old male was diagnosed with COVID-19 4 days after fever. He had prolonged loss of consciousness, and developed ophthalmoplegia and ataxia. He was treated with steroids and immunoglobulin, which improved his consciousness. Case 2: A 28-year-old female was diagnosed with COVID-19 because of fever 4 days after contact with a COVID-19 patient. She suffered from prolonged loss of consciousness, ophthalmoplegia, and myoclonus. She was treated with steroids, immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis, which ameliorated her consciousness.

Conclusion

Both patients developed central nervous system (CNS) symptoms within a week of COVID-19 onset, indicating that BBE develops immediately after prior infection. This disease should be considered if CNS symptoms appear rapidly after COVID-19.

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比克斯塔夫脑干脑炎在COVID-19感染后迅速发展

比克斯塔夫脑干脑炎（BBE）是一种以意识受损、眼麻痹和共济失调为特征的自身免疫性疾病。我们报告两例冠状病毒感染后的BBE病例。病例1:51岁男性，发热4天后被诊断为COVID-19。他长期失去意识，并发展为眼麻痹和共济失调。他接受了类固醇和免疫球蛋白治疗，这改善了他的意识。病例2：一名28岁女性在与COVID-19患者接触4天后因发烧被诊断为COVID-19。她长期失去意识，眼球麻痹和肌阵挛。她接受了类固醇、免疫球蛋白和血浆置换治疗，这改善了她的意识。结论两例患者均在新冠肺炎发病后1周内出现中枢神经系统症状，提示既往感染后立即发生BBE。如果在COVID-19后中枢神经系统症状迅速出现，应考虑此病。

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来源期刊

Acute Medicine & Surgery MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-

自引率

12.50%

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审稿时长

53 weeks