GPX4 in triple-negative breast cancer: A key regulator of ferroptosis and therapeutic target

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an exceptionally aggressive and challenging kind of breast cancer to manage. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a result, there are no effective targeted therapies for it, and it doesn't respond well to standard treatment. Platinum-based treatments and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have shown promise, but the outlook is still not good. Ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death that depends on iron, is a new way to treat diseases. Ferroptosis inducers like erastin may help make TNBC cells more sensitive to treatment, but they are still hard to deliver because they are toxic and don't dissolve well. Nanotechnology and drug delivery systems, especially exosome-based carriers, are promising ways to get around these problems. Exosomes are a new way to deliver drugs that cause ferroptosis because they are biocompatible and can target specific cells. This is a very interesting area for developing new treatments for TNBC.