Barriers and Practices in Food Reintroduction Following Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Chinese Teenagers With Crohn's Disease: A Multi-Perspective Qualitative Study

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1111/jhn.70081

Mi Zhou, Yunxian Zhou, Qingqing Li, Meihao Wei

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Abstract

Background

Food reintroduction is a critical step for teenagers with Crohn's disease (CD) transitioning from exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) to a normal diet. However, no standardized protocol currently guides this process. This study aimed to explore the barriers and practices of food reintroduction from the perspectives of teenagers, their caregivers and healthcare professionals in the Chinese context.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants, including teenagers with CD, their caregivers and healthcare professionals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data on food reintroduction barriers and practices. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts.

Results

A total of 25 participants completed 24 interviews. Four themes emerged regarding barriers: absence of specific dietary guidance, poor food acceptance by teenagers, unreasonable dietary control by caregivers and school environment limitations. Three themes were identified regarding practices: principles of food reintroduction, time of food reintroduction and application strategies of partial enteral nutrition.

Conclusions

This study underscores the need for a structured protocol for food reintroduction in Chinese teenagers with CD from the perspectives of patients, caregivers and the IBD healthcare professionals, exploring the variability in the barriers and practices related to individual preferences, caregiver approaches, healthcare professional guidance and school environments. The findings may provide valuable insights for the development of future food reintroduction protocols.

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中国青少年克罗恩病独家肠内营养后食物重新引入的障碍和实践：一项多视角定性研究

背景食物重新引入是青少年克罗恩病（CD）从纯肠内营养（EEN）过渡到正常饮食的关键步骤。然而，目前还没有标准化的协议来指导这一过程。本研究旨在从中国青少年及其照顾者和医疗保健专业人员的角度探讨食物重新引入的障碍和做法。方法采用描述性定性设计。有目的抽样用于招募参与者，包括患有乳糜泻的青少年，他们的照顾者和医疗保健专业人员。进行了半结构化访谈，以收集有关食物重新引入障碍和做法的数据。采用传统的内容分析法对访谈笔录进行分析。结果25名参与者共完成24次访谈。关于障碍出现了四个主题：缺乏具体的饮食指导，青少年对食物的接受程度较差，照顾者不合理的饮食控制以及学校环境的限制。在实践方面确定了三个主题：食物重新引入的原则、食物重新引入的时间和部分肠内营养的应用策略。结论本研究强调了从患者、护理人员和IBD医护人员的角度对中国青少年乳糜泻患者食物重新引入的结构化方案的必要性，并探讨了个体偏好、护理人员方法、医疗专业指导和学校环境等相关障碍和实践的可变性。这些发现可能为未来食物重新引入方案的制定提供有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.