A Hitchhiker's Guide to Good Prompting Practices for Large Language Models in Radiology

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping radiology through their advanced capabilities in tasks such as medical report generation and clinical decision support. However, their effectiveness is heavily influenced by prompt engineering—the design of input prompts that guide the model’s responses. This review aims to illustrate how different prompt engineering techniques, including zero-shot, one-shot, few-shot, chain of thought, and tree of thought, affect LLM performance in a radiology context. In addition, we explore the impact of prompt complexity and temperature settings on the relevance and accuracy of model outputs. This article highlights the importance of precise and iterative prompt design to enhance LLM reliability in radiology, emphasizing the need for methodological rigor and transparency to drive progress and ensure ethical use in health care.