Maritime communication networks: A survey on architecture, key technologies, and challenges

IF 4.3 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Computer Communications Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI:10.1016/j.comcom.2025.108255

Ziqi Shang, Xian Zhang, Xuehua Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Maritime Communication Networks (MCNs) are crucial for ensuring marine security, facilitating global trade, and advancing maritime scientific research. However, establishing a stable and efficient communication network is challenging due to the complex marine environment, such as tides, wind, waves, sea surface scattering, refraction, and evaporation ducts. Additionally, the non-uniform distribution of marine terminals and the differentiated service requirements further exacerbate its complexity. Recent advancements in multi-domain technologies (shipborne/airborne/satellite systems) have driven MCNs toward cognitive and adaptive architectures. This survey begins by outlining the current applications, demands and challenges of maritime communications. Next, we sequentially overview five MCN architectures, including the maritime mobile ad-hoc network (M-MANET), onshore BSs-assisted, satellite-assisted, UAV-assisted, and space–air–ground–sea integrated network (SAGSIN) architectures. Then, we elaborate on recent advancements in key generic technologies under different network architectures, covering spectrum strategies, beam management, multi-access edge computing, and routing. Finally, we discuss and analyze the open issues and challenges in MCNs, such as cross-domain resources collaborative optimization. This survey is intended to serve as a reference for researchers interested in MCNs.

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海上通信网络：体系结构、关键技术和挑战综述

海上通信网络（mcn）对于确保海上安全、促进全球贸易和推进海洋科学研究至关重要。然而，由于潮汐、风、浪、海面散射、折射和蒸发管道等复杂的海洋环境，建立稳定、高效的通信网络具有挑战性。此外，海运码头分布的不均匀性和差异化的服务需求进一步加剧了其复杂性。多领域技术（舰载/机载/卫星系统）的最新进展推动了mcn向认知和自适应架构发展。本调查首先概述了当前海上通信的应用、需求和挑战。接下来，我们依次概述了五种MCN架构，包括海上移动自组网（M-MANET）、陆上bss辅助、卫星辅助、无人机辅助和空-空-地-海集成网络（SAGSIN）架构。然后，我们详细介绍了不同网络架构下关键通用技术的最新进展，包括频谱策略、波束管理、多接入边缘计算和路由。最后，我们讨论和分析了mcn中存在的问题和挑战，如跨域资源协同优化。本调查旨在为对mcn感兴趣的研究人员提供参考。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Computer Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

397

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Computer and Communications networks are key infrastructures of the information society with high socio-economic value as they contribute to the correct operations of many critical services (from healthcare to finance and transportation). Internet is the core of today''s computer-communication infrastructures. This has transformed the Internet, from a robust network for data transfer between computers, to a global, content-rich, communication and information system where contents are increasingly generated by the users, and distributed according to human social relations. Next-generation network technologies, architectures and protocols are therefore required to overcome the limitations of the legacy Internet and add new capabilities and services. The future Internet should be ubiquitous, secure, resilient, and closer to human communication paradigms. Computer Communications is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes high-quality scientific articles (both theory and practice) and survey papers covering all aspects of future computer communication networks (on all layers, except the physical layer), with a special attention to the evolution of the Internet architecture, protocols, services, and applications.