{"title":"Interpretable damage sensitive feature extraction for drive-by structural health monitoring using knowledge distillation-based deep learning","authors":"Zhen Peng , Jun Li , Yue Zhong , Hong Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119303","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drive-by Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has the potential to effectively monitor the health conditions of bridges within transportation networks at a low cost. However, how to extract damage features from the drive-by measurements that are sensitive to changes in structural conditions while being robust to variations in vehicle loading scenarios and operational conditions is still an open question. This paper leverages advanced deep learning and knowledge distillation techniques to extract reliable damage-sensitive features from drive-by measurements in a supervised manner. To accomplish this, the proposed deep learning network is trained using thousands of drive-by measurements collected under various conditions, including different vehicle speeds, weights, directions, and structural damage states. This study includes an analysis of the network's intermediate layer outputs, numerical results from a finite element (FE) model of the test bridge, and theoretical derivations to interpret the physical significance of the learned damage features. The knowledge gained from this deep learning network subsequently informs and guides the theoretical development of generally applicable damage-sensitive features for drive-by SHM. In particular, this research work evidences that, in future drive-by SHM studies, more attention should be paid to the low-frequency driving speed-related component, instead of the conventional methods that focus on separating and extracting damage features from the bridge modal vibration related component of the drive-by measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","volume":"618 ","pages":"Article 119303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X25003773","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ACOUSTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Drive-by Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has the potential to effectively monitor the health conditions of bridges within transportation networks at a low cost. However, how to extract damage features from the drive-by measurements that are sensitive to changes in structural conditions while being robust to variations in vehicle loading scenarios and operational conditions is still an open question. This paper leverages advanced deep learning and knowledge distillation techniques to extract reliable damage-sensitive features from drive-by measurements in a supervised manner. To accomplish this, the proposed deep learning network is trained using thousands of drive-by measurements collected under various conditions, including different vehicle speeds, weights, directions, and structural damage states. This study includes an analysis of the network's intermediate layer outputs, numerical results from a finite element (FE) model of the test bridge, and theoretical derivations to interpret the physical significance of the learned damage features. The knowledge gained from this deep learning network subsequently informs and guides the theoretical development of generally applicable damage-sensitive features for drive-by SHM. In particular, this research work evidences that, in future drive-by SHM studies, more attention should be paid to the low-frequency driving speed-related component, instead of the conventional methods that focus on separating and extracting damage features from the bridge modal vibration related component of the drive-by measurement.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Sound and Vibration (JSV) is an independent journal devoted to the prompt publication of original papers, both theoretical and experimental, that provide new information on any aspect of sound or vibration. There is an emphasis on fundamental work that has potential for practical application.
JSV was founded and operates on the premise that the subject of sound and vibration requires a journal that publishes papers of a high technical standard across the various subdisciplines, thus facilitating awareness of techniques and discoveries in one area that may be applicable in others.