{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the fear of medical imaging radiation scale (FOMIRS): insights from multimethod analysis.","authors":"Lin-Sen Feng, Si-Rong She, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Jia-Qi Xie, Zheng-Jiao Dong, Ai Tang, Yin-Zhu Li, Xiao-Qian Wu, Qing Yang, Hao-Yu Wang, San-Bin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13244-025-02018-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fear of medical imaging radiation (FOMIR) may influence disease screening willingness; however, no validated tool currently exists to assess FOMIR. This study aimed to develop and validate the Fear of Medical Imaging Radiation Scale (FOMIRS) and explore its psychological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on classical test theory, the FOMIRS was developed through semi-structured interviews, grounded theory, and Delphi consultation. A cross-sectional survey with 1509 participants was conducted in Yunnan Province from September to December 2024. Psychometric properties were evaluated using construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, content validity, and internal consistency. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the critical thresholds. Logistic regression analysis, network analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to examine the relationships between the FOMIRS and related variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FOMIRS consisted of 18 items organized into a two-dimensional structure. It demonstrated good model fit (Goodness-of-fit index = 0.909, Comparative fit index = 0.949), convergent validity (AVE > 0.45, CR > 0.80), discriminant validity (HTMT = 0.574), criterion-related validity (γ = 0.441), and content validity (S-CVI = 0.889). The FOMIRS also showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.926 and McDonald's ω = 0.935). Cost-induced refusal of imaging examinations, cancer screening willingness, online learning, imaging radiation cognition, and fear of cancer were identified as influencing factors of FOMIR (p < 0.05). FOMIR serves as a core node in the network, and imaging radiation cognition may affect cancer screening willingness through this mechanism (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOMIRS accurately measures individual FOMIR levels. It captures the psychological characteristics and behavioral tendencies associated with FOMIR and indicates potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Critical relevance statement: </strong>We developed the Fear of Medical Imaging Radiation Scale (FOMIRS), a psychometric tool measuring individuals' fear of medical imaging radiation (FOMIR), demonstrating good reliability, validity, and practical application potential.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Evaluating individuals' FOMIR improves compliance with imaging exams and reduces related cognitive biases. FOMIRS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring FOMIR levels, capturing psychological and behavioral traits, and revealing interactions with external features. FOMIR is a complex phenomenon involving psychological traits, behavioral tendencies, and cognitive biases that affect people's willingness to undergo cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":13639,"journal":{"name":"Insights into Imaging","volume":"16 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205105/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Insights into Imaging","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-02018-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Fear of medical imaging radiation (FOMIR) may influence disease screening willingness; however, no validated tool currently exists to assess FOMIR. This study aimed to develop and validate the Fear of Medical Imaging Radiation Scale (FOMIRS) and explore its psychological mechanisms.
Methods: Based on classical test theory, the FOMIRS was developed through semi-structured interviews, grounded theory, and Delphi consultation. A cross-sectional survey with 1509 participants was conducted in Yunnan Province from September to December 2024. Psychometric properties were evaluated using construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, content validity, and internal consistency. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the critical thresholds. Logistic regression analysis, network analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to examine the relationships between the FOMIRS and related variables.
Results: The FOMIRS consisted of 18 items organized into a two-dimensional structure. It demonstrated good model fit (Goodness-of-fit index = 0.909, Comparative fit index = 0.949), convergent validity (AVE > 0.45, CR > 0.80), discriminant validity (HTMT = 0.574), criterion-related validity (γ = 0.441), and content validity (S-CVI = 0.889). The FOMIRS also showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.926 and McDonald's ω = 0.935). Cost-induced refusal of imaging examinations, cancer screening willingness, online learning, imaging radiation cognition, and fear of cancer were identified as influencing factors of FOMIR (p < 0.05). FOMIR serves as a core node in the network, and imaging radiation cognition may affect cancer screening willingness through this mechanism (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: FOMIRS accurately measures individual FOMIR levels. It captures the psychological characteristics and behavioral tendencies associated with FOMIR and indicates potential mechanisms.
Critical relevance statement: We developed the Fear of Medical Imaging Radiation Scale (FOMIRS), a psychometric tool measuring individuals' fear of medical imaging radiation (FOMIR), demonstrating good reliability, validity, and practical application potential.
Key points: Evaluating individuals' FOMIR improves compliance with imaging exams and reduces related cognitive biases. FOMIRS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring FOMIR levels, capturing psychological and behavioral traits, and revealing interactions with external features. FOMIR is a complex phenomenon involving psychological traits, behavioral tendencies, and cognitive biases that affect people's willingness to undergo cancer screening.
期刊介绍：
Insights into Imaging (I³) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published under the brand SpringerOpen. All content published in the journal is freely available online to anyone, anywhere!
I³ continuously updates scientific knowledge and progress in best-practice standards in radiology through the publication of original articles and state-of-the-art reviews and opinions, along with recommendations and statements from the leading radiological societies in Europe.
Founded by the European Society of Radiology (ESR), I³ creates a platform for educational material, guidelines and recommendations, and a forum for topics of controversy.
A balanced combination of review articles, original papers, short communications from European radiological congresses and information on society matters makes I³ an indispensable source for current information in this field.
I³ is owned by the ESR, however authors retain copyright to their article according to the Creative Commons Attribution License (see Copyright and License Agreement). All articles can be read, redistributed and reused for free, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
The open access fees (article-processing charges) for this journal are kindly sponsored by ESR for all Members.
The journal went open access in 2012, which means that all articles published since then are freely available online.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
