Sean Mojaver, Nupur Patel, Hector Sarmiento, Joseph P Fiorellini
{"title":"Under pressure: Unraveling the impact of occlusal overload on peri-implant health-A systematic review.","authors":"Sean Mojaver, Nupur Patel, Hector Sarmiento, Joseph P Fiorellini","doi":"10.1111/jopr.14088","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the impact of occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal loading on dental implant health, with a focus on marginal bone loss and the incidence of peri-implantitis. The review aims to clarify how nonphysiological occlusal forces influence stress distribution around implants and contribute to clinical complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2000 and October 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, experimental investigations, and systematic reviews that investigated the effects of occlusal overload on peri-implant tissues. Of 160 initially identified references, 80 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for relevant outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative findings revealed that marginal bone loss associated with occlusal factors ranged from approximately 0.65 mm to 1.20 mm. In contrast, traumatic occlusal forces produced bone level changes of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm and were associated with peri-implantitis rates ranging from 20% to 50%. Variations in occlusal scheme design and the presence of parafunctional habits such as bruxism were identified as significant modulators of biomechanical stress and clinical outcomes. The review also identified a synergistic relationship between mechanical overload and bacterial biofilm in accelerating peri-implant tissue breakdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Excessive occlusal loading and trauma are critical contributors to marginal bone loss and peri-implantitis. These findings underscore the importance of meticulous occlusal management and individualized treatment planning, particularly in patients with parafunctional habits. Further high-quality studies are needed to establish evidence-based occlusal protocols that mitigate biomechanical risks and enhance long-term implant success.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14088","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal loading on dental implant health, with a focus on marginal bone loss and the incidence of peri-implantitis. The review aims to clarify how nonphysiological occlusal forces influence stress distribution around implants and contribute to clinical complications.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2000 and October 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, experimental investigations, and systematic reviews that investigated the effects of occlusal overload on peri-implant tissues. Of 160 initially identified references, 80 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for relevant outcomes.
Results: Quantitative findings revealed that marginal bone loss associated with occlusal factors ranged from approximately 0.65 mm to 1.20 mm. In contrast, traumatic occlusal forces produced bone level changes of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm and were associated with peri-implantitis rates ranging from 20% to 50%. Variations in occlusal scheme design and the presence of parafunctional habits such as bruxism were identified as significant modulators of biomechanical stress and clinical outcomes. The review also identified a synergistic relationship between mechanical overload and bacterial biofilm in accelerating peri-implant tissue breakdown.
Conclusions: Excessive occlusal loading and trauma are critical contributors to marginal bone loss and peri-implantitis. These findings underscore the importance of meticulous occlusal management and individualized treatment planning, particularly in patients with parafunctional habits. Further high-quality studies are needed to establish evidence-based occlusal protocols that mitigate biomechanical risks and enhance long-term implant success.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Prosthodontics promotes the advanced study and practice of prosthodontics, implant, esthetic, and reconstructive dentistry. It is the official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists, the American Dental Association-recognized voice of the Specialty of Prosthodontics. The journal publishes evidence-based original scientific articles presenting information that is relevant and useful to prosthodontists. Additionally, it publishes reports of innovative techniques, new instructional methodologies, and instructive clinical reports with an interdisciplinary flair. The journal is particularly focused on promoting the study and use of cutting-edge technology and positioning prosthodontists as the early-adopters of new technology in the dental community.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
