Survival Status and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children Managed with Congenital Heart Diseases in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-up Study.

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease is the most prevalent congenital abnormality with a prevalence of 9 per 1000 live births. Despite the advancements in medical and surgical care, congenital heart disease is high in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess Survival status and associated factors of under-five children managed with congenital heart diseases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: An Institution-based retrospective follow-up study design was used among under-five children managed with congenital heart disease. Data was collected by pretested checklist from 235 randomly selected patient charts. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis; log-rank test and cox proportional hazard were employed. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis.

Result: A total of 224 charts were reviewed. Thirty four of them died whereas 190 of them were censored. The survival status of CHD was 84.8% to five years. Cox regression identified the following factors to be significantly associated with mortality: weight at admission (AHR=19.023; P=0.004), types of interventions (AHR=73.016; P=0.007), pre-operative condition (AHR=65.097; P=0.0001), family history of heart disease (AHR=10.81; P=0.003), maternal history of substance use (AHR=46.67; P=0.001) and maternal history of viral infection (AHR=52.034; P<0.0001).

Conclusion: This study showed that the survival status of all infants born with CHD was 84.8%. Mortality risk was decrease by 98.7% in surgically managed patients.