Host-level biodiversity shapes the dynamics and networks within the coral reef microbiome.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
ISME communications Pub Date : 2025-06-05 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf097
Fabienne Wiederkehr, Kara Elena Engelhardt, Jana Vetter, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Guillem Salazar, James O'Brien, Taylor Priest, Maren Ziegler, Shinichi Sunagawa
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Abstract

Coral reefs face severe threats from human activity, resulting in drastic biodiversity loss. Despite the urgency of safeguarding these ecosystems, we know little about the ecological impacts of losing coral reef host-associated microbial communities (microbiomes). Here, we experimentally studied the microbiomes attached to or released from seven benthic reef hosts belonging to the functional groups of stony corals, soft corals, macroalgae, and sponges while manipulating the coral reef metacommunity to mimic biodiverse or degraded reef habitats. Developing an ecological framework, we found host species and functional groups to show distinct patterns of interacting with the environment (i.e. by exuding, maintaining, acquiring, or exchanging microbiome members), with habitat biodiversity primarily influencing microbial acquisition. In a degraded compared to a biodiverse habitat, the microbiomes of stony corals were less connected to soft corals and sponges, while those of soft corals, macroalgae, and sponges became more tightly linked. Our study demonstrates that a decline in metacommunity biodiversity is not merely associated with a proportional loss in microbial diversity; rather, it triggers complex changes in the microbial interactions among the persisting hosts with each other and the environment. These results emphasize the importance of conserving coral reef host biodiversity to preserve the intricately linked microbiomes-and with them the ecosystem functions and services coral reefs provide.

宿主水平的生物多样性塑造了珊瑚礁微生物群的动态和网络。
珊瑚礁面临人类活动的严重威胁,导致生物多样性急剧丧失。尽管保护这些生态系统迫在眉睫,但我们对失去珊瑚礁宿主相关微生物群落(微生物组)的生态影响知之甚少。在此,我们通过实验研究了石珊瑚、软珊瑚、大型藻类和海绵等7种底栖珊瑚礁宿主附着或释放的微生物群,同时操纵珊瑚礁元群落来模拟生物多样性或退化的珊瑚礁栖息地。通过建立一个生态框架,我们发现寄主物种和功能群表现出与环境相互作用的独特模式(即通过散发、维持、获取或交换微生物组成员),栖息地生物多样性主要影响微生物的获取。与生物多样性的栖息地相比,在退化的栖息地中,石珊瑚的微生物群与软珊瑚和海绵的联系较少,而软珊瑚、大型藻类和海绵的微生物群联系更紧密。我们的研究表明,元群落生物多样性的下降不仅与微生物多样性的比例损失有关;相反,它引发了微生物与宿主之间以及宿主与环境之间相互作用的复杂变化。这些结果强调了保护珊瑚礁宿主生物多样性的重要性,以保护错综复杂的微生物群,以及珊瑚礁提供的生态系统功能和服务。
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