The Brussels and California Effects? Circular Economy Policy Influence Across Borders.

Circular economy and sustainability Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-26 DOI:10.1007/s43615-025-00516-4
Nancy Bocken, Matthew Coffay, Carl Dalhammar
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The influence of environmental policy has been known to move beyond the country or regional contexts in which they have been implemented. Examples in literature include the "California effect" and the "Brussels effect", showing how the policies adopted in the EU and California influence other jurisdictions. In this paper we study the following: To what extent are companies operating in the United States influenced by circular economy policies outside their direct context? By interviewing companies operating in the United States, we find that firms are influenced by and actively work to influence circular economy policy, both as it originates from outside the United States (the Brussels effect, referring to policies in Europe) and from within the United States (such as the California effect). Key barriers to circular innovation include the lack of a comprehensive policy framework in the U.S., opposition from competitors, and making the business model work in the U.S. legal context. Strategies to overcome these include: getting legal support for circular business models, developing U.S. regulations, level the playing field for all U.S.-based companies, lobbying for supporting regulation, and collaboration. We find that EV battery recycling is a positive exception where U.S. policy provides clarity for circular innovation. Finally, we find that the characteristics of the 'typical' U.S. consumer may call for specific circular business models. We suggest future research to enhance our understanding on how policy might positively drive circular economy innovations in international companies.

布鲁塞尔和加州效应?循环经济政策的跨国界影响。
众所周知,环境政策的影响超出了实施环境政策的国家或区域范围。文献中的例子包括“加州效应”和“布鲁塞尔效应”,表明欧盟和加州采取的政策如何影响其他司法管辖区。在本文中,我们研究了以下问题:在美国经营的公司在多大程度上受到其直接背景之外的循环经济政策的影响?通过采访在美国经营的公司,我们发现公司受到循环经济政策的影响,并积极努力影响循环经济政策,因为它源于美国以外(布鲁塞尔效应,指的是欧洲的政策)和美国国内(如加利福尼亚效应)。循环创新的主要障碍包括美国缺乏全面的政策框架,竞争对手的反对,以及使商业模式在美国法律环境中发挥作用。克服这些问题的策略包括:为循环商业模式争取法律支持,制定美国法规,为所有美国公司提供公平的竞争环境,游说支持法规,以及合作。我们发现,电动汽车电池回收是一个积极的例外,美国的政策为循环创新提供了明确的方向。最后,我们发现“典型”美国消费者的特征可能需要特定的循环商业模式。我们建议未来的研究加强我们对政策如何积极推动跨国公司循环经济创新的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
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