The Warburg Effect in a Metazoan Capable of Anaerobic Mitochondrial Metabolism.

IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Biological Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI:10.1086/735939
Weam S El Rahmany, Anthony J Fanizza, Victor Ryzhov, Neil W Blackstone
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Abstract

AbstractThe Warburg effect-aerobic glycolysis, diminished oxygen uptake, and lactate secretion-has been characterized in proliferative mammalian cells and in some cancers. Lactate formation remains puzzling, variously attributed to reoxidizing NADH or activating the cell cycle. Forming lactate provides the only anaerobic pathway available to mammalian cells but not for most eukaryotes or metazoans. With the purely mitotic polyp stage of a colonial marine hydroid, Eirene sp., differential feeding was used to create rapidly and slowly proliferating colonies of a genetically identical clone. The former were fed to excess three times per week, the latter once per week. Under aerobic conditions, assays using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry show that colonies of both treatments produce short-chain fatty acids, indicating end products of anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism and thus providing an alternative pathway to reoxidize NADH. After 1 h of incubation in fully aerated seawater, the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate was higher in the medium than in the tissue of the colonies, suggesting that these are waste products. Colorimetric assays showed that colonies of both treatments nevertheless produced lactate. Further, the rapidly proliferating colonies produced significantly more. Eirene sp. thus carries out anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism, but this apparently has no effect on lactate production. Since earlier data show that the proliferative colonies exhibit diminished oxygen uptake, anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism appears to have little impact on the Warburg effect. This contrasts with the expectation from the literature that an alternative pathway to reoxidize NADH will abolish lactate production.

能进行无氧线粒体代谢的后生动物的Warburg效应。
Warburg效应——有氧糖酵解、氧摄取减少和乳酸分泌——已经在增生性哺乳动物细胞和一些癌症中被证实。乳酸的形成仍然令人费解,各种归因于NADH的再氧化或激活细胞周期。形成乳酸提供了哺乳动物细胞唯一可用的厌氧途径,但不是大多数真核生物或后生动物。在一种纯有丝分裂的海洋水螅体(Eirene sp.)的水螅体阶段,差异喂养被用来创造一个基因相同的克隆体的快速和缓慢增殖的菌落。前者每周过量喂食3次,后者每周过量喂食1次。在有氧条件下,使用气相色谱/质谱分析表明,两种处理的菌落都产生短链脂肪酸,这表明无氧线粒体代谢的最终产物,从而为再氧化NADH提供了另一种途径。在充分曝气的海水中孵育1小时后,培养基中醋酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐的浓度高于菌落组织中的浓度,表明这些是废物。比色分析表明,两种处理的菌落仍产生乳酸。此外,快速繁殖的菌落产量显著增加。因此,Eirene sp进行无氧线粒体代谢,但这显然对乳酸产生没有影响。由于早期的数据表明,增殖菌落表现出减少的摄氧量,无氧线粒体代谢似乎对Warburg效应的影响很小。这与文献中预期的再氧化NADH的替代途径将消除乳酸生成形成对比。
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来源期刊
Biological Bulletin
Biological Bulletin 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
47
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Biological Bulletin disseminates novel scientific results in broadly related fields of biology in keeping with more than 100 years of a tradition of excellence. The Bulletin publishes outstanding original research with an overarching goal of explaining how organisms develop, function, and evolve in their natural environments. To that end, the journal publishes papers in the fields of Neurobiology and Behavior, Physiology and Biomechanics, Ecology and Evolution, Development and Reproduction, Cell Biology, Symbiosis and Systematics. The Bulletin emphasizes basic research on marine model systems but includes articles of an interdisciplinary nature when appropriate.
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