The role of regulatory T cells in preventing the development of drug hypersensitivity reactions.

Abstract

Purpose of review: T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions represent a major impediment to the drug discovery process whilst presenting a significant burden to the healthcare sector. These reactions are predominantly facilitated by the adaptive immune system, yet the equilibrium of immune tolerance appears to be a significant determinant in whether an individual will experience a hypersensitivity reaction to a therapeutic.

Recent findings: Indeed, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a significant part in diminishing an immune response by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and preventing autoimmunity by keeping an immune response in check. These cell subsets have been observed to be upregulated in times of immune activation, and unsurprisingly, their impairment has been associated in tandem with dysregulated immune responses contributing to the sliding scale of drug hypersensitivity.

Summary: It is becoming increasingly evident that the fine balance of immune regulation significantly impacts on drug hypersensitivity reactions. As the area progresses, it will be interesting to assess whether therapies targeting Tregs hold the key to maintaining the synergy required to prevent the onset of drug hypersensitivity reactions.