Cyber-Physical Real-Time Digital Simulation for Cybersecurity Analysis in Microgrids

Dongmeng Qiu;Mengxiang Liu;Rui Zhang;Tianyu Luo;Antonio Griffo;Xin Zhang
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Abstract

The rapid power grid digitalisation is increasingly addressing the importance of a real-time and high-fidelity cyber-physical co-simulation platform, which enables risk-free validation before the real-world implementation, especially for the cybersecurity research. Existing related works mainly focus on the impact analysis of attacks in massive power grid scenarios, while a thorough investigation regarding the implementation framework, cybersecurity analysis, and suitability assessment is lacking. Towards this end, we first propose a general implementation framework for real-time leader-follower and time-stepped co-simulation schemes, which are used to establish two cyber-physical co-simulation platforms based on off-the-shelf power and communication simulators. Then, thorough cybersecurity studies are conducted to showcase the relations between co-simulation configurations such as the communication network topology and attack compatibility. Finally, a set of metrics derived from synchronization computational overhead, latency, simulation scalability, and attack compatibility is presented to assess the suitability of a co-simulation platform for cybersecurity research. Recommendations are given to provide guidelines for industry practitioners and academia researchers in the establishment of cyber-physical co-simulation platforms that drive cybersecurity advancements.
微电网网络安全分析的网络物理实时数字仿真
快速的电网数字化日益解决了实时和高保真的网络物理联合仿真平台的重要性,该平台可以在现实世界实施之前进行无风险验证,特别是对于网络安全研究。现有的相关工作主要集中在大规模电网场景下的攻击影响分析,缺乏对实施框架、网络安全分析、适宜性评估等方面的深入研究。为此,我们首先提出了实时领导-追随者和时间步进联合仿真方案的通用实现框架,并使用该框架建立了两个基于现成电源和通信模拟器的网络物理联合仿真平台。然后,进行了深入的网络安全研究,展示了通信网络拓扑和攻击兼容性等协同仿真配置之间的关系。最后,提出了一组来自同步计算开销、延迟、仿真可扩展性和攻击兼容性的指标,以评估网络安全研究联合仿真平台的适用性。提出建议,为行业从业者和学术界研究人员建立推动网络安全进步的网络物理联合仿真平台提供指导。
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