Improving active mass yield and dynamic charge acceptance in lead-acid batteries through efficient dispersion of carbon nanotubes within the electrode

Abstract

The lead-acid battery (LAB) market is projected to grow at an annual rate of 7 % through 2030 despite the increasing demand for lithium-ion technologies. To address evolving performance requirements, it is essential to enhance parameters such as dynamic charge acceptance and active material utilization. Carbon nanotube (CNT) based additives have shown promise in improving these properties; however, achieving efficient dispersion of CNTs within the electrode remains a significant challenge. This study demonstrates the successful incorporation of highly stable CNT-lignosulfonate dispersions into the negative electrode, resulting in individual nanotubes uniformly distributed throughout the paste. This approach enabled the production of prototypes with an 11.2 % increase in active material yield and a threefold improvement in dynamic charge acceptance. Additionally, water loss was reduced by 50 % compared to electrodes with CNTs alone. These results highlight the effectiveness of lignosulfonate as both a dispersing agent and functional additive to enhance lead-acid battery performance.