Peibo Li , Guoqiang Luo , Jianian Hu , Ruizhi Zhang , Di Ouyang , Yu Yang , Yi Sun , Qiang Shen
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and spall behavior of 2024Al alloy under ramp wave loading","authors":"Peibo Li , Guoqiang Luo , Jianian Hu , Ruizhi Zhang , Di Ouyang , Yu Yang , Yi Sun , Qiang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijplas.2025.104399","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the strain rate-dependent response of materials is essential for optimizing their design and predicting service life. In this study, both ramp wave loading (10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>5</sup> s⁻¹) and square wave loading (10<sup>6</sup> s⁻¹) were achieved by controlling the projectile structure in plate impact experiments. This work particularly focuses on spall strength, precipitation behavior and damage evolution in 2024Al alloy under ramp wave loading. The results reveal that ramp loading mitigates thermal softening through gradual stress variation and reduces dislocation–atomic interactions due to its extended rise time. Compared with square wave loading, the continuous strain under ramp loading promotes vacancy generation, facilitating abnormal precipitation. These factors collectively contribute to enhanced spall strength. The spallation mechanism is dominated by dislocation–grain boundary interactions, with void nucleation and growth primarily occurring at grain boundaries. The formation of double spall surfaces is attributed to tensile stress concentrations generated by shock wave reflections at the initial spall surface. This study emphasizes the influence of shock waves on the structure and damage behavior of the 2024Al alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plasticity","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 104399"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Plasticity","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749641925001585","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Understanding the strain rate-dependent response of materials is essential for optimizing their design and predicting service life. In this study, both ramp wave loading (104–105 s⁻¹) and square wave loading (106 s⁻¹) were achieved by controlling the projectile structure in plate impact experiments. This work particularly focuses on spall strength, precipitation behavior and damage evolution in 2024Al alloy under ramp wave loading. The results reveal that ramp loading mitigates thermal softening through gradual stress variation and reduces dislocation–atomic interactions due to its extended rise time. Compared with square wave loading, the continuous strain under ramp loading promotes vacancy generation, facilitating abnormal precipitation. These factors collectively contribute to enhanced spall strength. The spallation mechanism is dominated by dislocation–grain boundary interactions, with void nucleation and growth primarily occurring at grain boundaries. The formation of double spall surfaces is attributed to tensile stress concentrations generated by shock wave reflections at the initial spall surface. This study emphasizes the influence of shock waves on the structure and damage behavior of the 2024Al alloy.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Plasticity aims to present original research encompassing all facets of plastic deformation, damage, and fracture behavior in both isotropic and anisotropic solids. This includes exploring the thermodynamics of plasticity and fracture, continuum theory, and macroscopic as well as microscopic phenomena.
Topics of interest span the plastic behavior of single crystals and polycrystalline metals, ceramics, rocks, soils, composites, nanocrystalline and microelectronics materials, shape memory alloys, ferroelectric ceramics, thin films, and polymers. Additionally, the journal covers plasticity aspects of failure and fracture mechanics. Contributions involving significant experimental, numerical, or theoretical advancements that enhance the understanding of the plastic behavior of solids are particularly valued. Papers addressing the modeling of finite nonlinear elastic deformation, bearing similarities to the modeling of plastic deformation, are also welcomed.