Elucidation of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma: an integrative approach leveraging multi-omics, computational biology, and single-cell sequencing technologies.

Abstract

This study employs a comprehensive, multi-layered analytical approach to comprehensively investigate the pathogenesis, diagnostic methodologies, and potential therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer. Integrating data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, transcriptomics, proteomics, and single-cell sequencing technologies, this study elucidates both the epidemiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer. Our findings indicate that VEGFA, ICAM1, and IL6R play prominent roles in cancer progression. Proteomics analysis has identified multiple potential drug targets, and molecular docking and dynamic simulations have provided a theoretical foundation for developing drugs targeting VEGFA. Multi-omics studies have revealed that colorectal cancer progression involves intricate microbiome-host interactions, metabolic regulation, and immune response mechanisms, with factors such as Clostridia, 4E-BP1, AIFM1, and CXCL5 exhibiting dual roles. These discoveries not only deepen our understanding of colorectal cancer pathogenesis but also offer novel insights for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, thereby laying the groundwork for developing personalized treatment regimens. Future research should focus on further validating these findings and exploring their potential clinical applications.