Longitudinal effects of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccination on metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia.

IF 4.6 3区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

World Journal of Diabetes Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI:10.4239/wjd.v16.i6.105447

Chala Kenenisa Edae, Abdisa Tufa Bedada, Maria Degef Teklemariam, Tibebu Girma, Solomon Genet Gebre

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Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), increasing their risk of severe illness and mortality. Vaccination has been a crucial intervention in mitigating these risks. However, the metabolic effects of COVID-19 vaccination, particularly the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccine, in diabetic populations remain inadequately explored. This study investigated the longitudinal effects of the J&J vaccine on lipid and eicosanoid biomarkers to assess its metabolic safety and potential cardiovascular benefits.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term impact of the J&J COVID-19 vaccine on lipid and eicosanoid biomarkers in Ethiopian patients with T2DM.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Adama Hospital Medical College (Oromia, Ethiopia) from May 2023 to June 2024. A total of 224 T2DM patients (57 vaccinated, 167 unvaccinated) were monitored for 1 year. Biomarkers including triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), prostaglandins (PGs), and thromboxanes (TXs) were measured at baseline and at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year post-vaccination. Statistical analyses included Generalized Estimating Equations to assess longitudinal biomarker changes.

Results: TG and PG levels remained stable across all time points. HDL levels showed a temporary decline at 3 months (mean difference [MD] = -4.33; P < 0.001) and 6 months (MD = -2.62; P < 0.001) but recovered by 9 months (MD = 2.09; P = 0.001) and 1 year (MD = 2.38; P < 0.001). TC exhibited a significant decrease at 3 months (MD = -16.44, P = 0.001) before stabilizing. TX levels showed a consistent decline across all follow-ups (e.g., 1 year: MD = -0.08; P = 0.036), suggesting a reduced thrombotic risk. Correlation analysis indicated significant interrelations among biomarkers, emphasizing their roles in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.

Conclusion: The J&J COVID-19 vaccine exhibited metabolic safety in patients with T2DM, with transient HDL and TC reductions that later stabilized and a sustained TX decline, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. Further studies are needed to explore long-term immunometabolic effects on high-risk populations.

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强生COVID-19疫苗接种对埃塞俄比亚2型糖尿病患者代谢生物标志物的纵向影响

背景：2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的影响不成比例，增加了他们患严重疾病和死亡的风险。疫苗接种是减轻这些风险的关键干预措施。然而，COVID-19疫苗接种，特别是强生（Johnson & Johnson）疫苗对糖尿病人群的代谢影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究调查了强生疫苗对脂质和类二十烷生物标志物的纵向影响，以评估其代谢安全性和潜在的心血管益处。目的：评估强生COVID-19疫苗对埃塞俄比亚T2DM患者脂质和类二十烷类生物标志物的长期影响。方法：这项前瞻性队列研究于2023年5月至2024年6月在Adama医院医学院（奥罗米亚，埃塞俄比亚）进行。对224例T2DM患者（57例接种疫苗，167例未接种疫苗）进行为期1年的监测。生物标志物包括甘油三酯（tg）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、总胆固醇（TC）、前列腺素（pg）和血栓素（TXs）在基线和接种后3个月、6个月、9个月和1年进行测量。统计分析包括广义估计方程来评估纵向生物标志物的变化。结果：TG和PG水平在所有时间点保持稳定。HDL水平在3个月时暂时下降(平均差[MD] = -4.33；P < 0.001)和6个月(MD = -2.62；P < 0.001)，但9个月后恢复(MD = 2.09；P = 0.001)和1年(MD = 2.38；P < 0.001)。TC在3个月时出现显著下降（MD = -16.44, P = 0.001），然后趋于稳定。TX水平在所有随访中均持续下降(例如，1年：MD = -0.08；P = 0.036)，提示血栓形成风险降低。相关分析表明，生物标志物之间存在显著的相互关系，强调其在代谢和炎症途径中的作用。结论：强生公司的COVID-19疫苗在T2DM患者中表现出代谢安全性，HDL和TC的短暂降低随后趋于稳定，TX持续下降，提示潜在的心血管益处。需要进一步的研究来探索对高危人群的长期免疫代谢影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

World Journal of Diabetes ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

自引率

2.40%

发文量

909

期刊介绍： The WJD is a high-quality, peer reviewed, open-access journal. The primary task of WJD is to rapidly publish high-quality original articles, reviews, editorials, and case reports in the field of diabetes. In order to promote productive academic communication, the peer review process for the WJD is transparent; to this end, all published manuscripts are accompanied by the anonymized reviewers’ comments as well as the authors’ responses. The primary aims of the WJD are to improve diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive modalities and the skills of clinicians and to guide clinical practice in diabetes. Scope: Diabetes Complications, Experimental Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes, Gestational, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies, Diabetic Coma, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Neuropathies, Donohue Syndrome, Fetal Macrosomia, and Prediabetic State.