Blockchain and NFTs in Cardiovascular Health Record Management: Enhancing Security, Privacy, and Patient-Centric Care.

Abstract

Background: The management of cardiovascular health records faces significant challenges, including data fragmentation, security vulnerabilities, and interoperability barriers. Blockchain and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are emerging technologies with the potential to revolutionize healthcare data management by enhancing security, transparency, and patient empowerment. These innovations aim to address systemic inefficiencies, providing a robust framework for data integrity and patient-centric care.

Objectives: This study explores the integration of blockchain and NFTs into cardiovascular health record management, focusing on their potential to enhance security, improve efficiency, and empower patients. It also examines systemic barriers and proposes solutions to facilitate widespread adoption.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar databases. Search terms included "blockchain," "NFTs," "health records," and "cardiovascular care." Inclusion criteria prioritized peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 that addressed technical challenges, cases of real-world implementation, and innovative solutions. Articles lacking technical depth or relevance to health records were excluded. Data were categorized into themes such as security, privacy, interoperability, and patient empowerment.

Results: Blockchain ensures data integrity through a decentralized ledger, while NFTs enable patient-controlled access to health records. Smart contracts streamline workflows, fostering interoperability. Key challenges include scalability, regulatory compliance, and integration with existing systems. Emerging solutions, such as hybrid blockchain models and cryptographic advancements, address these barriers. Case studies demonstrate real-world applications, underscoring the transformative potential of these technologies.

Conclusions: Blockchain and NFTs offer groundbreaking opportunities for managing cardiovascular health records, emphasizing security, privacy, and patient-centric care. Addressing technical and regulatory challenges through targeted research and development is essential for their adoption. These technologies signify a paradigm shift in healthcare, promoting seamless interoperability and improved patient outcomes.